Cited by 149Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsTrace Elements in HealthDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Metals and Neuronal Metal Binding Proteins Implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Cristóvão, Joana S., Santos, Renata, Gomes, Cláudio M.·2016·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related dementia affecting millions of people worldwide. Its main pathological hallmark feature is the formation of insoluble protein deposits of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau protein into extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. Many of the mechanistic details of this process remain unknown, but a well-established consequence of protein aggregation is synapse dysfunction and neuronal loss in the AD brain. Different pathways including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metal metabolism have been suggested to be implicated in this process. In particular, a body of evidence suggests that neuronal metal ions such as copper, zinc, and iron play important roles in brain function in health and disease states and altered homeostasis and distribution as a common feature across different neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In this focused review, we overview neuronal proteins that are involved in AD and whose metal binding properties may underlie important biochemical and regulatory processes occurring in the brain during the AD pathophysiological process.

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  • Under physiological conditions, trace metals iron, copper, and zinc are tightly regulated to support essential neuronal processes including enzymatic activity, neurotransmission, antioxidant defense, and synaptic plasticity.

    “Under physiological conditions, trace metals such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are tightly regulated to support essential neuronal processes, including enzymatic activity, neurotransmission, antioxidant defense, and synaptic plasticity [106].”

    From Toward a Unified Framework in Molecular Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Revisiting the Pathophysiological Hypotheses (2026) · cites this paper as [106]

    Section 2 says iron, copper, and zinc play essential roles in the brain and that their homeostasis is important for neuronal function. Section 2.6 describes zinc loading into presynaptic vesicles, but the copy does not establish the full list of functions attributed to these metals—particularly antioxidant defense and synaptic plasticity under physiological conditions. No page numbers are available in the indexed copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis is a critical factor in AD pathogenesis.

    “The dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis has emerged as a critical factor in AD pathogenesis.”
  • Metals trigger oxidative neurotoxicity and amyloid aggregation.

    “The metals are found concentrated in AD-affected brains and trigger oxidative neurotoxicity and amyloid aggregation [167].”
  • Metals are found concentrated in AD-affected brains.

    “The metals are found concentrated in AD-affected brains and trigger oxidative neurotoxicity and amyloid aggregation [167].”

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Authors
Cristóvão, J. S., Santos, R., & Gomes, C. M.
Affiliations
  • University of Lisbon (PT)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Gomes, Cláudio M.
Venue
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-01
Volume
2016
Issue
1
Pages
9812178-9812178
ISSN
  • 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-0900
OpenAlex
W2231280169
Cited by
146
References
159
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3
FWCI
2.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Bial Foundation (PT/FB/BL-2014-343, PTDC/QUI-BIQ/117789/2010, SFRH/BD/101171/2014, UID/MULTI/04046/2013)
  • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (PT/FB/BL-2014-343, PTDC/QUI-BIQ/117789/2010, SFRH/BD/101171/2014, UID/MULTI/04046/2013)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, metal-binding proteins, copper, zinc, iron, metal homeostasis, amyloid-beta, tau hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, aging
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Humans, Metals, Neurons, Protein Aggregates

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