Exercise, obesity and CNS control of metabolic homeostasis: a review
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This review details the manner in which the central nervous system regulates metabolic homeostasis in normal weight and obese rodents and humans. It includes a review of the homeostatic contributions of neurons located in the hypothalamus, the midbrain and limbic structures, the pons and the medullary area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, and vagus nucleus, and details how these brain regions respond to circulating levels of orexigenic hormones, such as ghrelin, and anorexigenic hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin. It provides an insight as to how high intensity exercise may improve homeostatic control in overweight and obese subjects. Finally, it provides suggestions as to how further progress can be made in controlling the current pandemic of obesity and diabetes.
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Regular physical exercise is directly related to improvements in body composition, including reduced abdominal adiposity and body weight.
“regular physical exercise is directly related to: (1) improvements in body composition, including reduced abdominal adiposity and body weight (Thomas et al., 2013; Smith, 2018);”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Smith, 2018
The ‘Arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei’ section reports lower fat mass and body weight with exercise in rodents. The Discussion qualifies exercise-related weight loss as generally occurring only when energy expenditure exceeds intake. Our copy does not establish reduced abdominal adiposity or an unqualified relationship between regular exercise and weight loss in people; page numbers are unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Smith, J. K.
- Affiliations
- East Tennessee State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, John K.
- ORCID
- Smith, John K.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Physiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-05-17
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 574-574
- ISSN
- 1664-042X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5965103
- OpenAlex
- W2799491879
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- obesity, metabolic homeostasis, central nervous system regulation, hypothalamus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, orexigenic hormones, anorexigenic hormones, high-intensity exercise, diabetes mellitus
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