The eyes test as a measure of individual differences: how much of the variance reflects verbal IQ?
Open accessAbstract
Developed by Baron-Cohen et al. (1997, 2001), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test requires individuals to determine mental states from photos of pairs of eyes. Used in over 250 studies, it has been conceptualized as an advanced theory of mind test that is relatively free of general cognitive abilities. Given the sensitivity of the instrument, many studies with healthy adult samples have used this instrument as a measure of individual differences in social-perceptual processes that contribute to theory of mind and overall phenotype. We administered the two-subtest Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, a face-processing task (Cambridge Face Memory Test), and the Eyes Test to 42 college students. Surprisingly, verbal IQ contributed significantly to the variance in Eyes Test performance while the face perception measure did not. These findings have both practical and theoretical ramifications for interpreting Eyes Test results in normative adult samples.
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This is the second study to identify such a strong relation between the Eyes Test and Vocabulary.
“That this is the second study to identify such a strong relation between the Eyes Test and Vocabulary suggests that performance on the former may be heavily based on one's vocabulary knowledge.”
From A psychometric analysis of the reading the mind in the eyes test: toward a brief form for research and applied settings (2015) · cites this paper as Peterson and Miller, 2012
The Results (page unavailable) report a strong correlation between Eyes Test scores and WASI Vocabulary scores (r = 0.49), supporting the finding attributed to this study. The cited passages do not establish that this was the second study to find such a relation. The Discussion (page unavailable) also distinguishes verbal IQ from vocabulary knowledge alone, whose contribution it says needs further testing. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn general, verbal abilities are associated with performance on the Eyes Test.
“In general, verbal abilities are associated with performance on the Eyes Test (Golan et al., 2006; Ahmed and Miller, 2011; Peterson and Miller, 2012; cf. Ferguson and Austin, 2010 who found no relation).”
From A psychometric analysis of the reading the mind in the eyes test: toward a brief form for research and applied settings (2015) · cites this paper as Peterson and Miller, 2012
The latent correlation between the ACO Model and Vocabulary is similar in magnitude to the manifest correlation with Vocabulary found by Peterson and Miller (2012).
“At the latent level, however, we found a strong correlation (0.49 in Study 1 and 0.62 in Study 2) between the ACO Model with Vocabulary, which is similar in magnitude to the manifest correlation with Vocabulary found by Peterson and Miller (2012).”
From A psychometric analysis of the reading the mind in the eyes test: toward a brief form for research and applied settings (2015) · cites this paper as Peterson and Miller, 2012
Previous research suggests that at the manifest level, the Eyes Test is moderately related to verbal IQ.
“Previous research suggests that at the manifest level, the Eyes Test is weakly related to verbal fluency (Ahmed and Miller, 2011) and moderately related to verbal IQ (Golan et al., 2006; Peterson and Miller, 2012).”
From A psychometric analysis of the reading the mind in the eyes test: toward a brief form for research and applied settings (2015) · cites this paper as Peterson and Miller, 2012
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- Authors
- Peterson, E., & Miller, S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Northern Colorado (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Eric
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 220-220
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3389807
- OpenAlex
- W2150119965
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 12.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, theory of mind, verbal IQ, individual differences, face perception, Cambridge Face Memory Test, WASI, social cognition, general intelligence
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