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Cited by 295Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentSocial Robot Interaction and HRI

Empirical failures of the claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind.

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Gernsbacher, Morton Ann, Yergeau, Melanie·2019·Archives of Scientific Psychology
DOI 10.1037/arc0000067PMC PMC6959478
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Abstract

The claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind-that they fail to understand that other people have a mind or that they themselves have a mind-pervades psychology. This article (a) reviews empirical evidence that fails to support the claim that autistic people are uniquely impaired, much less that all autistic people are universally impaired, on theory-of-mind tasks; (b) highlights original findings that have failed to replicate; (c) documents multiple instances in which the various theory-of-mind tasks fail to relate to each other and fail to account for autistic traits, social interaction, and empathy; (c) summarizes a large body of data, collected by researchers working outside the theory-of-mind rubric, that fails to support assertions made by researchers working inside the theory-of-mind rubric; and (d) concludes that the claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind is empirically questionable and societally harmful.

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  • The claim that autistic people cannot understand their own minds can have damaging effects, including to autistic people's autonomy, self-determination and perceived credibility.

    “The claim that autistic people cannot understand their own minds can also have damaging effects, including to autistic people’s autonomy, self‐determination and perceived credibility (Gernsbacher & Yergeau, 2019).”

    From Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science (2022) · cites this paper as Gernsbacher & Yergeau, 2019

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Authors
Gernsbacher, M. A., & Yergeau, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Gernsbacher, Morton Ann
Venue
Archives of Scientific Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2019-12-09
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
102-118
ISSN
2169-3269 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1037/arc0000067
PMC
PMC6959478
OpenAlex
W2994917579
Cited by
295
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 49 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
FWCI
10.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Archives of Scientific Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH075880)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, theory of mind, autistic traits, empathy, social interaction, replication failure, social cognition

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