Alexithymia and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Complex Relationship
Open accessAbstract
Alexithymia is a personality construct characterized by altered emotional awareness which has been gaining diagnostic prevalence in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, with notably high rates of overlap with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the nature of its role in ASD symptomatology remains elusive. Here, we distill research at the intersection of alexithymia and ASD. After a brief synopsis of the studies that plaid a pioneering role in the identification of the overlapping fields between alexithymia and ASD, we comb the literature for evidence of its overlap with ASD in terms of prevalence, etiology, and behaviors. Through a formalized framework of the process of emotional interpretation and expression, we explore evidence for where and how deficits arise in this complex network of events. We portray how these relate to the dynamic interplay between alexithymic and autistic traits and find emerging evidence that alexithymia is both a cause and consequence of autistic behaviors. We end with a strategic proposal for future research and interventions to dampen the impacts of alexithymia in ASD.
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It is now generally thought that ALX commonly co-occurs with ASD due to shared underlying genetic and neurobiological factors rather than constituting a consequence of (or cause for) core characteristics of autism.
“It is now generally thought that ALX commonly co-occurs with ASD due to shared underlying genetic and neurobiological factors rather than constituting a consequence of (or cause for) core characteristics of autism (see Bird & Cook, 2013; Poquérusse et al., 2018).”
From Self-guided mindfulness and cognitive behavioural practices reduce anxiety in autistic adults: A pilot 8-month waitlist-controlled trial of widely available online tools. (2020) · cites this paper as Poquérusse et al., 2018
The Introduction acknowledges that alexithymia commonly co-occurs with ASD, and the section on diagnostic and etiological overlap reports possible shared genetic and neurobiological factors. But the Introduction explicitly presents evidence that alexithymia may be both a cause and a consequence of ASD symptoms, while “The Intersection Between Alexithymia and ASD” says their precise relationship remains unresolved. This contradicts the claim that shared factors are generally thought to explain the co-occurrence *rather than* either causal direction. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Wei, M. (2021) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104097 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lateef, S., Komal, N., Ghaffar, M., Zulfiqar, K., Minhas, S., Mumtaz, H., Zakria, M., Salman, M., Sulaimani, S. Y., & Khan, S. E. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.9525098 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Tonge, B. J., Brereton, A. V., & Bertelli, M. O. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95720-3_23 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Autistic Traits and Somatic Symptom Disorders: What Is the Link?
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Carmassi, C., Cordone, A., Ciapparelli, A., Bertelloni, C. A., Barberi, F. M., Foghi, C., Pedrinelli, V., Dell’Oste, V., Bazzichi, L. M., & Dell’Osso, L. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology · doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/nivxh9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Poquérusse, J., Pastore, L., Dellantonio, S., & Esposito, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Trento (IT)
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Esposito, Gianluca
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-07-17
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 1196-1196
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6056680
- OpenAlex
- W2809158900
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 8.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- corrigendum (2018-09-05)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Nanyang Technological University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- alexithymia, autism spectrum disorder, emotional awareness, emotional interpretation, emotional expression, autistic traits, prevalence, etiology
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