Alexithymia and the processing of emotional facial expressions (EFEs): systematic review, unanswered questions and further perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in identifying, differentiating and describing feelings. A high prevalence of alexithymia has often been observed in clinical disorders characterized by low social functioning. This review aims to assess the association between alexithymia and the ability to decode emotional facial expressions (EFEs) within clinical and healthy populations. More precisely, this review has four main objectives: (1) to assess if alexithymia is a better predictor of the ability to decode EFEs than the diagnosis of clinical disorder; (2) to assess the influence of comorbid factors (depression and anxiety disorder) on the ability to decode EFE; (3) to investigate if deficits in decoding EFEs are specific to some levels of processing or task types; (4) to investigate if the deficits are specific to particular EFEs. Twenty four studies (behavioural and neuroimaging) were identified through a computerized literature search of Psycinfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2010. Data on methodology, clinical characteristics, and possible confounds were analyzed. The review revealed that: (1) alexithymia is associated with deficits in labelling EFEs among clinical disorders, (2) the level of depression and anxiety partially account for the decoding deficits, (3) alexithymia is associated with reduced perceptual abilities, and is likely to be associated with impaired semantic representations of emotional concepts, and (4) alexithymia is associated with neither specific EFEs nor a specific valence. These studies are discussed with respect to processes involved in the recognition of EFEs. Future directions for research on emotion perception are also discussed.
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Alexithymia is associated with impaired abilities known to rely upon interoception, such as emotion regulation, emotion recognition, empathy, reward processing, and decision-making.
“alexithymia is associated with impaired abilities known to rely upon interoception, such as emotion regulation (Stasiewicz et al., 2012), emotion recognition (Grynberg et al., 2012), empathy (e.g. Enzi et al., 2016; Gleichgerrcht et al., 2015; Moriguchi et al., 2007a; Silani et al., 2008), reward processing (Bibby and Ferguson, 2011; Goerlich et al., 2016; Morie et al., 2016) and decision-making,”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Grynberg et al., 2012
Alexithymia has been shown to predict performance on tasks that require participants to match emotion words to faces.
“Alexithymia has been shown to predict performance on other tasks that require participants to match emotion words to faces (Grynberg et al., 2012), meaning that increased rates of alexithymia in ASD may explain the ASD impairment on the RMET if emotion recognition ability, rather than ToM, drives performance.”
From ‘Theory of Mind’ is not Theory of Emotion: a cautionary note on the reading the Mind in the Eyes test (2016) · cites this paper as Grynberg et al., 2012
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“Recent research has demonstrated that alongside deficits in processing their own emotions, individuals with alexithymia also have difficulties with processing others’ emotions, such that these individuals have difficulty recognising others’ facial expressions [26–29] and have reduced levels of empathy [30–31].”
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Relationship between Parenting Style, Alexithymia and Aggression in Emerging Adults
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Emotion Knowledge and Emotion Regulation in Alexithymia
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- Authors
- Grynberg, D., Chang, B., Corneille, O., Maurage, P., Vermeulen, N., Berthoz, S., & Luminet, O.
- Affiliations
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Grynberg, Delphine
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-08-23
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e42429
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3426527
- OpenAlex
- W2017164168
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 178
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- alexithymia, emotional facial expressions, emotion perception, facial expression recognition, depression, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, emotion labeling, social functioning
- MeSH terms
- Affective Symptoms, Emotions, Facial Expression, Humans, Neuroimaging
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