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Cited by 383COVID-19 and Mental HealthPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionPsychological and Temporal Perspectives Research

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective mental well-being: The interplay of perceived threat, future anxiety and resilience

Open access
Paredes, Mario R., Apaolaza, Vanessa, Fernandez-Robin, Cristóbal, Hartmann, Patrick, Yañez-Martinez, Diego·2021·Personality and Individual Differences
DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110455PMC PMC7552984
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has potentially a serious impact on many people's mental well-being. This study analyses the influence of the perceived threat of COVID-19 on subjective mental well-being with an online survey (n = 711). Findings confirmed the hypothesized model that provides a process explanation for this effect through the mediating influence of the activation of future anxiety. In addition, results confirmed that this influence via future anxiety is moderated by resilience, a personality trait that enables individuals to cope better with stressful or traumatic events. Individuals with higher levels of resilience compared to those with lower levels registered a lower impact of perceived Covid threat on future anxiety and, in turn, on subjective well-being. This study contributes theoretically to a better understanding of the factors that determine the impact of traumatic events such as a pandemic on people's mental health. The implications of this study indicate interventions that may be carried out to minimize the pandemic's negative psychological consequences.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110455

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  • COVID-19 perceived threat increases future anxiety.

    “Existing research has found that COVID-19 perceived threat increases future anxiety [13] and that future anxiety predicted mobile phone addiction [14].”

    From COVID-19 Victimization Experience and College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Future Anxiety and Mindfulness (2022) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Introduction hypothesizes that perceived COVID-19 threat increases future anxiety, and Data analysis and results reports a significant positive correlation (r = 0.212, p < .01). But Limitations and future research says the cross-sectional data cannot establish the direction of causality, so the claim's unqualified causal wording goes beyond the evidence. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The COVID-19 outbreak exacerbated economic and social problems, including unemployment and economic recession, generating anticipatory fears that increase anxiety regarding the future.

    “Additionally, the COVID-19 outbreak has exacerbated economic and social problems, including unemployment and economic recession, generating anticipatory fears that in turn increase anxiety regarding the future [13].”

    From COVID-19 Victimization Experience and College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Future Anxiety and Mindfulness (2022) · cites this paper as [13]

    In the Introduction’s “The mediating role of future anxiety,” the paper says potential economic and social problems, including unemployment and economic collapse, may encourage anticipatory fear. The citing sentence presents those problems as already exacerbated and the fear they generate as established, whereas the paper frames that link as a possibility. The Discussion supports a link between perceived COVID-19 threat and future anxiety, but does not establish unemployment or recession as its cause. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Trait optimism and trait resilience may serve as buffers against the effects of pandemic-related distress.

    “Research further suggests that trait optimism and trait resilience may serve as buffers against the effects of pandemic-related distress (Taylor, 2019; Barzilay et al., 2020; Paredes et al., 2021).”

    From Predicting the Severity of Symptoms of the COVID Stress Syndrome From Personality Traits: A Prospective Network Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Paredes et al., 2021

    The Discussion (Conclusions; Theoretical contribution and practical implications; page numbers unavailable) reports that resilience as a personality trait moderates the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on future anxiety and mental well-being. The cited paper supports resilience as a possible buffer, but our copy does not establish the same claim for trait optimism. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Future anxiety mediated the association between the perceived threat of COVID-19 and mental well-being.

    “For example, Paredes et al. [13] found that future anxiety mediated the association between the perceived threat of COVID-19 and mental well-being.”

    From COVID-19 Victimization Experience and College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Future Anxiety and Mindfulness (2022) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors
Paredes, M. R., Apaolaza, V., Fernandez-Robin, C., Hartmann, P., & Yañez-Martinez, D.
Affiliations
  • Universidad del Rosario (CO)
  • University of the Basque Country (ES)
Corresponding author
Paredes, Mario R.
ORCID
Venue
Personality and Individual Differences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-02
Volume
170
Pages
110455
ISSN
0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.paid.2020.110455
PMC
PMC7552984
OpenAlex
W3092688451
Cited by
383
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 3
FWCI
28.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
  • European Regional Development Fund (ECO2016-76348-R)
  • Agencia Estatal de Investigación
  • Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT-952-16, GIC 15/128)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, subjective well-being, threat perception, future anxiety, resilience, psychological impact of pandemic, mediation, moderation, personality traits

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