Large Language Models in Cybersecurity: A Survey of Applications, Vulnerabilities, and Defense Techniques

Attention Is All You Need

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A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning

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On the limits of steganography

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Fine-Pruning: Defending Against Backdooring Attacks on Deep Neural Networks

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Explainability for Large Language Models: A Survey

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Safety Alignment Should Be Made More Than Just a Few Tokens Deep

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Security and Privacy Challenges of Large Language Models: A Survey

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A Study on Advanced Persistent Threats

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Weight Poisoning Attacks on Pretrained Models

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Large Language Models Are Zero-Shot Fuzzers: Fuzzing Deep-Learning Libraries via Large Language Models

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Untitled work

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Toward Trustworthy AI Development: Mechanisms for Supporting Verifiable Claims

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Automated Program Repair via Conversation: Fixing 162 out of 337 Bugs for $0.42 Each using ChatGPT

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Sereum: Protecting Existing Smart Contracts Against Re-Entrancy Attacks

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Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) - Japanese translation

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Do Users Write More Insecure Code with AI Assistants?

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Large Language Model guided Protocol Fuzzing

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GPTScan: Detecting Logic Vulnerabilities in Smart Contracts by Combining GPT with Program Analysis

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Defending Large Language Models Against Jailbreaking Attacks Through Goal PrioritizationPreprint

Zhang, Z., Yang, J., Ke, P., Mi, F., Wang, H.-N., & Huang, M.-L. (2023) · Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2311.09096 · Cited by 238 · see citing works

HateCheck: Functional Tests for Hate Speech Detection Models

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VulRepair: a T5-based automated software vulnerability repair

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Rx

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Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models

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Machine-Generated Text: A Comprehensive Survey of Threat Models and Detection Methods

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Challenges and Applications of Large Language Models

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InferFix: End-to-End Program Repair with LLMs

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Granite Code Models: A Family of Open Foundation Models for Code IntelligencePreprint

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Fuzzing: Challenges and Reflections

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Defending ChatGPT against jailbreak attack via self-reminders

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LLMs Cannot Reliably Identify and Reason About Security Vulnerabilities (Yet?): A Comprehensive Evaluation, Framework, and Benchmarks

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Large Language Models for Test-Free Fault Localization

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Mapping Process of Digital Forensic Investigation Framework

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Transformer-Based Language Models for Software Vulnerability Detection

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LLMs Cannot Reliably Identify and Reason About Security Vulnerabilities (Yet?): A Comprehensive Evaluation, Framework, and Benchmarks

Ullah, S., Han, M., Pujar, S., Pearce, H., Coskun, A., & Stringhini, G. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2312.12575 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

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Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned

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Fine-tuning large language models for domain adaptation: exploration of training strategies, scaling, model merging and synergistic capabilities

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Devising and Detecting Phishing Emails Using Large Language Models

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RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Models

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When ChatGPT Meets Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection: How Far Are We?

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ChatGPT for digital forensic investigation: The good, the bad, and the unknown

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How Effective Are Neural Networks for Fixing Security Vulnerabilities

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Copiloting the Copilots: Fusing Large Language Models with Completion Engines for Automated Program Repair

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A Unified Evaluation of Textual Backdoor Learning: Frameworks and BenchmarksPreprint

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LLM for SoC Security: A Paradigm Shift

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Prompt-Enhanced Software Vulnerability Detection Using ChatGPT

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A Survey of Graph-Based Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection in Distributed Systems

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Demystifying Prompts in Language Models via Perplexity Estimation

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On Hardware Security Bug Code Fixes by Prompting Large Language Models

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Conversational Automated Program RepairPreprint

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WhiteFox: White-Box Compiler Fuzzing Empowered by Large Language Models

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Large Language Model-Powered Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection: New Perspectives

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Large Language Models for Forecasting and Anomaly Detection: A Systematic Literature Review

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Assessing LLMs in malicious code deobfuscation of real-world malware campaigns

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LogGPT: Log Anomaly Detection via GPT

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From Vulnerability to Defense: The Role of Large Language Models in Enhancing Cybersecurity

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Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models' Alignment

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Just How Toxic is Data Poisoning? A Unified Benchmark for Backdoor and Data Poisoning AttacksPreprint

Schwarzschild, A., Goldblum, M., Gupta, A. K., Dickerson, J. P., & Goldstein, T. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.12557 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Generative Ai and Large Language Models for Cyber Security: All Insights You NeedPreprint

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What Matters for Model Merging at Scale?

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A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Cyber Defences: Opportunities and DirectionsPreprint

Hassanin, M., & Moustafa, N. (2024) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.14487 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

ChatGPT’s Security Risks and Benefits: Offensive and Defensive Use-Cases, Mitigation Measures, and Future Implications

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Benchmarking Large Language Models for Log Analysis, Security, and Interpretation

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A Comprehensive Overview of Backdoor Attacks in Large Language Models Within Communication Networks

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Nuances are the Key: Unlocking ChatGPT to Find Failure-Inducing Tests with Differential Prompting

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The FormAI Dataset: Generative AI in Software Security through the Lens of Formal Verification

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Optimization-based Prompt Injection Attack to LLM-as-a-Judge

Shi, J., Yuan, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, Y., Zhou, P., Sun, L., & Gong, N. Z. (2024) · Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/3658644.3690291 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Transforming cybersecurity with agentic AI to combat emerging cyber threats

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Actionable Cyber Threat Intelligence Using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models

Fieblinger, R., Alam, T., & Rastogi, N. (2024) · IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW) · doi:10.1109/eurospw61312.2024.00018 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Generative AI and Large Language Models for Cyber Security: All Insights You NeedPreprint

Ferrag, M., Alwahedi, F., Battah, A., et al. (2024) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.12750 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Understanding the Effectiveness of Large Language Models in Detecting Security Vulnerabilities

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Large Language Models: A Deep Dive

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Understanding the Effectiveness of Large Language Models in Detecting Security Vulnerabilities

Khare, A., Dutta, S., Li, Z., Solko-Breslin, A., Alur, R., & Naik, M. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2311.16169 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

BC4LLM: A perspective of trusted artificial intelligence when blockchain meets large language models

Luo, H., Luo, J., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2024) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2024.128089 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Pre-Trained Model-Based Automated Software Vulnerability Repair: How Far are We?

Zhang, Q., Fang, C., Yu, B., Sun, W., Zhang, T., & Chen, Z. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing · doi:10.1109/tdsc.2023.3308897 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

DeepSQLi: deep semantic learning for testing SQL injection

Liu, M., Li, K., & Chen, T. (2020) · ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA) · doi:10.1145/3395363.3397375 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

A Survey of Security Strategies in Federated Learning: Defending Models, Data, and Privacy

Manzoor, H. U., Shabbir, A., Chen, A., Flynn, D., & Zoha, A. (2024) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi16100374 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

To be specific: The role of orbitofrontal cortex in signaling reward identity.

Howard, J. D., & Kahnt, T. (2021) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000455 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Fine-tuning Aligned Language Models Compromises Safety, Even When Users Do Not Intend To!Preprint

Qi, X., Zeng, Y., Xie, T., Chen, P., Jia, R., Mittal, P., & Henderson, P. (2023) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.03693 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

A Survey on Secure and Private Federated Learning Using Blockchain: Theory and Application in Resource-Constrained Computing

Moore, E., Imteaj, A., Rezapour, S., & Amini, M. H. (2023) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3313055 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

TrojanPuzzle: Covertly Poisoning Code-Suggestion Models

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A Dynamic Rule Creation Based Anomaly Detection Method for Identifying Security Breaches in Log Records

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PoisonPrompt: Backdoor Attack on Prompt-Based Large Language Models

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DialogBench: Evaluating LLMs as Human-like Dialogue SystemsPreprint

Ou, J., Lu, J., Liu, C., Tang, Y., Zhang, F.-Z., Zhang, D., Wang, Z., & Gai, K. (2023) · North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2311.01677 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Towards Explainable Network Intrusion Detection using Large Language Models

Houssel, P. R. B., Singh, P., Layeghy, S., & Portmann, M. (2024) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Big Data Computing, Applications and Technologies (BDCAT) · doi:10.1109/bdcat63179.2024.00021 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

How Effective Are They? Exploring Large Language Model Based Fuzz Driver Generation

Zhang, C., Zheng, Y., Bai, M., Li, Y., Ma, W., Xie, X., Li, Y., Sun, L., & Liu, Y. (2024) · ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA) · doi:10.1145/3650212.3680355 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

HuntGPT: Integrating Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection and Explainable AI with Large Language Models (LLMs)

Ali, T., & Kostakos, P. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2309.16021 · Cited by 47

Survey of Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models Revealed by Adversarial AttacksPreprint

Shayegani, E., Mamun, M. A. A., Fu, Y., Zaree, P., Dong, Y., & Abu‐Ghazaleh, N. (2023) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.10844 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Defending Large Language Models Against Jailbreaking Attacks Through Goal Prioritization

Zhang, Z., Yang, J., Ke, P., Mi, F., Wang, H., & Huang, M. (2024) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.481 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

PassGPT: Password Modeling and (Guided) Generation with Large Language Models

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Spam-T5: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Few-Shot Email Spam DetectionPreprint

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BadPrompt: Backdoor Attacks on Continuous Prompts

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LLMs as Hackers: Autonomous Linux Privilege Escalation Attacks

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The Evolution of Agentic AI in Cybersecurity: From Single LLM Reasoners to Multi-Agent Systems and Autonomous Pipelines

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MCP-Secure: A Runtime Access Control Layer for Privilege-Aware LLM Agent Tooling

Singh, G., & Madisetti, V. K. (2026) · IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society · doi:10.1109/ojcs.2026.3664314 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The AI-Cybersecurity Nexus: How Large Language Models are Reshaping Threat Intelligence and Digital Defense

Özbay, R., Çelebi, M., & Yavanoğlu, U. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3658308 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A Novel Dual-Layer Deep Learning Architecture for Phishing and Spam Email Detection

Rashed, S., & Ozcan, C. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15030630 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Real-Time Multi-Source Threat Intelligence Fusion Using Large Language Models

Siam, A. A., Alazab, M., Obeidat, A., Faruqui, N., & Al-Maadeed, S. A. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on AI in Cybersecurity (ICAIC) · doi:10.1109/icaic67076.2026.11395679 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

SentinelSphere: An AI-driven cybersecurity platform integrating real-time threat detection with security awareness education

Tantaroudas, N. D., Karachalios, I., & McCracken, A. J. (2026) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.22957.1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

LLM-Guarded Clouds: Leveraging Generative AI for Proactive Threat Hunting and Adaptive Defense in Hybrid Cloud Environments

Saklani, S., Chohan, D. K., Sharma, R. K., Varshney, N., Gupta, A., & Bagla, P. (2025) · IEEE Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT) · doi:10.1109/gcat66372.2025.11368582 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A Zero-Touch Vulnerability Remediation Framework Based on OpenVAS, Threat Intelligence, and RAG-Enhanced Large Language Models

Hsieh, C.-H., Cheng, C.-Y., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math14061072 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Detecting Prompt Injection Attacks in Generative AI Systems: A Hybrid SIEM and One-Class SVM Framework

Alshammari, A. A., & Alsaleh, O. I. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15112242 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

SafeBoundary-LLM: Measuring Safety Boundary Stability in Local Open-Weight LLMs Through Single-Turn Baselines and Multi-Turn Escalation

Anghel, A. A., Anghel, C., Pecheanu, E., Balau, A. S., Crăciun, M., Cocu, A., & Sandu, C. (2026) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers15070460 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Adaptive Honeypot Systems via RAG: Enhancing Threat Intelligence with Generative AI

Sezgin, A. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications · doi:10.46460/ijiea.1797978 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Human-In-The-Loop Large Language Models for Decision Support in Modern Power Systems: Capabilities, Risks, and Governance

Eshun, I., Odai, R. N. A., & Alao, G. U. (2026) · doi:10.69739/jtr.v1i1.1601 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Machine Learning-Based Malware Detection: A Systematic Review

Kumar, K., Dodiya, K. R., Parmar Bhaveshkumar, R., Sharma, P., & Pathan Faisalkhan, N. (2026) · International Journal of Sciences and Innovation Engineering · doi:10.70849/ijsci03022686331 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Hybrid LLM-Vision Pipeline for Detection of Malicious QR Codes in Social Engineering Attacks

Krishna, K. L., Kumar, P. R., Herah, V., Reddy, P. V. V., & Reddy, K. J. S. (2026) · International Conference on Image Processing and Capsule Networks (ICIPCN) · doi:10.1109/icipcn67432.2026.11438814 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

From Vector Space to Symbolic Space: Informational and Semantic Analysis of Benign and DDoS IoT Traffic Using LLMs

Pîrnău, M., Priescu, I., Botezatu, M.-A., Priescu, C. M., & Joița, D. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15081724 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Cognitive Network Intrusion Detection Systems: Anomaly and Malware Detection for Zero-Day Attack Resilience

Gunawan, J. A., Singgih, M. L., & Ginardi, R. V. H. (2026) · Network · doi:10.3390/network6020041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

End-to-end security threats and defenses in retrieval-augmented LLM agents

Khonde, S. R., Dharwadkar, S. N., Chilveri, P. G., Bhole, C., Dudhedia, M. A., Gajare, M. P., Pole, G. S., Yerrawar, R. N., Bhavsar, S. S., Kadam, R. S., et al. (2026) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01726-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Transformers for Internet of Things Security and Communications: A Comprehensive Survey

Salman, M., Saeed, N., & Khurshid, K. (2026) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3717847 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

CyberRoBERTa: A Lightweight Transformer-Based Language Model for IoT Intrusion Detection

Alhafi, D., & Alanazi, F. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26196326 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Autonomous System Vulnerability Remediation: A Survey of Agentic AI, Reinforcement Learning, Benchmarks, and Operational SafetyPreprint

Orojo, A., Elumelu, W., El-Mahmoud, E., & Leal, E. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9932577/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

PrivRewrite: Differentially Private Text Rewriting Under Black-Box Access with Refined Sensitivity Guarantees

Kim, J. W. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app152211930

Automating fuzz driver generation for deep learning libraries with large language models

Zheng, T., Meng, F., Yi, P., & Wu, Y. (2026) · Cybersecurity · doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00532-9

LEVERAGING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS (LLMS) FOR AUTOMATED CLOUD REGULATORY AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL MAPPING

Pandya, U. (2026) · Iterative International Publishers eBooks · doi:10.58532/nbennurtnaicdif7

LLM-Assisted CPSTRIDE Threat Modeling for Critical Water Infrastructure

Elleman, D., Christian, A. A., & Hale, J. (2026) · International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security · doi:10.34190/iccws.21.1.4484

КІБЕРКОНФЛІКТИ ТА ШТУЧНИЙ ІНТЕЛЕКТ ЯК ЧИННИКИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Schuchmann, V. A., & Буяк, Л. М. (2025) · Цифрова економіка та економічна безпека · doi:10.32782/dees.21-48

Towards Self-Evolving Agents: A Dual-Process Framework for Continual Context Refinement

Teng, L., Ni, W., Song, L., Shi, J. F., & Li, Y. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15061232

MACD: Multi-Agent Collaborative Approach for Cybersecurity Defense Strategy Generation

Li, N., Li, X., Li, Z., Ma, D., Yan, L., Cao, H., Zhang, W., Wang, X., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Information · doi:10.3390/info17040370

The Criminal Application of Artificial Intelligence

Violakis, P. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5228-2.ch005

LLM Assisted SecOps: A Cognitive Assistant Framework for Cybersecurity Analysts

Bakori, H. D., Pathi, N. K., & Abhi, S. (2026) · International Conference on Next-Gen Quantum and Advanced Computing: Algorithms, Security, and Beyond (NQComp) · doi:10.1109/nqcomp68334.2026.11497779

Evaluating Few-Shot Large Language Models for Intrusion Detection in Smart Grid Communication Systems

Ibrahim, N., & Kashef, R. F. (2026) · IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) · doi:10.1109/syscon66367.2026.11503561

A Framework for Securing Agentic AI Workflows and Quantum-Resistant Communication in U.S. Critical Infrastructure Networks

Kabir, M. H., Siddike, M. A. M., Uddin, M. R., & Razib, M. (2026) · Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies · doi:10.32996/jcsts.2026.8.6.12

Trust-Governed Agentic AI for Cyber-Resilient Digital Markets: Blockchain-Audited Federated Intelligence Under UncertaintyPreprint

Khorasani, N. S. M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9684485/v1

Mapping the Landscape of Retrieval-Augmented Generation Models: Clustering and Visual Insights

Matyjaškoit, N., Stefanovič, P., & Ramanauskaitė, S. (2026) · IEEE Open Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Information Sciences (eStream) · doi:10.1109/estream70144.2026.11511501

Extending Taxonomies and Mapping P2P Credit Card Fraud (Carding) Forums on the Dark Web

Medina, J., Ferrer-Oliva, M., Fernández-López, J., Ruiz-Zambrano, A., & Domínguez‐Díaz, A. (2026) · Information · doi:10.3390/info17050469

Developing a Lightweight On-Device LLM Agent for Real-Time Privacy Monitoring in Resource-Conscious POS Systems

Mukum, C., & Qu, Y. (2026) · European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · doi:10.24018/ejece.2026.10.2.70173

АРХІТЕКТУРНІ МОДЕЛІ LLM-АГЕНТІВ ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ В ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ТА КІБЕРФІЗИЧНИХ ВИРОБНИЧИХ СИСТЕМАХ: СИСТЕМНИЙ ОГЛЯД І КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ

Бунке, О. С., & Новіков, П. (2026) · Наука і техніка сьогодні · doi:10.52058/2786-6025-2026-4(58)-2921-2941

Runtime Privacy-Aware Control for Operational Enforcement in Data-Intensive Systems

Almarwani, M., & Almarwani, R. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15112462

From Cloud to Cortex

Jahangeer, G. S. B., Tupe, B. S., & Farhana, N. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9843-3.ch010

Dynamic Embedding Update Method for Email Spam Filtering Based on FastText

Jędras, J., & Grzelak, P. S. (2025) · Journal of Intelligent Information and Communication · doi:10.64972/jiic.2025v3.222p9s:111-126

Prompt-based attacks and defenses in large language models: A systematic review of threat models, taxonomies, and evaluation practices

Guimarães, V., Medeiros, D. D. C., Reis, L., Mesquita, H., & Rocha, T. (2026) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.134939

Cyber Resilience Through LLM-Enhanced Vulnerability Reports

Hoffmann, M., & Buchmann, E. (2026) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28957-5_7

Adversarial Intelligence: A Systematic Review of AI-Driven Cyber Threat Detection, Adaptive Malware Evasion, and Arms Race Dynamics in Zero Trust Security EnvironmentsPreprint

Patel, D. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10137205/v1

Securing Edge-Based Cyber Threat Intelligence System Using Defense-in-Depth Approach

Donat, B., Drăghici, B. G., & Stan, O. P. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR) · doi:10.1109/aqtr70159.2026.11578012

Using Large Language Models to Support Human Decision-Making in SOC Infrastructure Management

Αγαπίου, Σ., Stylianou, S., Peratikou, A., Stavrou, E., & Stavrou, S. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29723-5_8

Bridging the Blind Spots: A Holistic Risk Model for Secure Deployment of Large Language Models

Ozeri, Y. N., Schreiber, I., & Schreiber, A. (2026) · International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research · doi:10.51505/ijaemr.2026.11333

LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS FOR OPTIMIZING TASKS IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND PROTECTION

Вавіленкова, А. І. (2026) · Cybersecurity Education Science Technique · doi:10.28925/2663-4023.2026.33.1276

ALTR: Adaptive Defense Framework Against Adversarial LLM Threats in Critical-Domain Applications

Seth, V., Alla, S., Rahman, S. M. A., Sichani, A. S., & Calyam, P. P. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS) · doi:10.1109/ichms69701.2026.11602220

An Intelligent Generative AI Framework for Adaptive Threat Monitoring and Secure Cloud Computing

Rao, D. V. S., Guda, D. K., & Sarada, D. M. (2026) · International Journal of AI Electronics and Nexus Energy · doi:10.64751/32t6bh84

AI-Driven Security Operations Centers: A Research Landscape Analysis

Adem, A. İ., Bakal, M. F., & Sezen, A. (2026) · Cognitive Models and Artificial Intelligence Conference (AICCONF) · doi:10.1109/aicconf69182.2026.11600709

AURA: Agent-based unified response architecture for retrieval-augmented cyber deception

Sezgin, A. (2026) · Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science · doi:10.61112/jiens.1856246

AdverShield-LLM: Adversarial Robustness Certification for IoT-Integrated Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Randomized Smoothing

Hadi, Y. S. (2026) · Journal of Technology and System Information · doi:10.47134/jtsi.v3i2.6047

Security Risk Assessment and Layered Protection Strategies for Large Language Model Banking Chatbots with Privacy Considerations

Eltayeb, G. E. A., & Alhalangy, A. (2026) · The Scholar Journal for Sciences & Technology · doi:10.53348/jsst5st8

Autonomous Cognitive Architecture for Offensive Cyberspace Operations: A Recursive Large Language Model Framework

Jabasheela, D. L., Kabil Preetham, K., Kamalesh, K., & Ramaraj, H. (2026) · International Conference on Data Science for Cyber-Physical Systems Resilience using Advanced Applications (ICDCA) · doi:10.1109/icdca69396.2026.11620335

A Four-Axis Systematization of AI and Cybersecurity in the Era of Large Language Models

Farin, M. A., & Thuraisingham, B. M. (2026) · IEEE Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud (BigDataSecurity) · doi:10.1109/bigdatasecurity69476.2026.00009

Assessing Zero-Day Attack Threat Levels by Monitoring Embedded Code-Change in Web Browsers

Ajayi, F., & Shalan, A. M. (2026) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Control (AIRC) · doi:10.1109/airc69745.2026.11631447

Artificial intelligence in securing critical infrastructure: A double-edged sword [Outlook of AI Evolution]

Konstantopoulou, E., & Sklavos, N. (2026) · IEEE Potentials · doi:10.1109/mpot.2026.3715281

Software implementation of a network traffic monitoring system based on cluster analysis

Budzhelida, S., Dubrovin, V. I., & ДЕЙНЕГА, Л. Ю. (2026) · Information Technology and Computer Engineering · doi:10.31649/vitce/2.2026.24

Penetration Testing White-Box dan Black-Box pada Web Server Menggunakan Large Language Model

Sasaki, B. A., Hariyadi, I. P., & Widyawati, L. (2026) · RIGGS Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business · doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.11841

LLM-WAF: An Intelligent Web Application Firewall Powered by Large Language Models for Advanced Threat Detection

Khalaf, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies · doi:10.5815/ijwmt.2026.04.18

CoBeMPD: Weakly Supervised Malicious Package Detection and File-Level Localization via Multi-Instance Learning over Code and Behavior SemanticsPreprint

Piao, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7275142

Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Defense: Navigating Emerging Threats in an Interconnected World

Camacho, N. G. (2026) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence General science (JAIGS) · doi:10.60087/jaigs.v10i01.490

Human vs. LLM Risk Assessment: A Comparative Study of ISO 27001 Cyber Risk Classification

Hrabčák, M., & Balogh, Z. (2026) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-32104-6_46

Large Language Models for IoT Security: A Review and Emerging Trends

Moucharraf, M., Ridouani, M., Salahdine, F., & Kaabouch, N. (2026) · International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC) · doi:10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650436

MINDSET-XAI: Multi-Level Explainable Insider Threat Detection Using Temporal Behavioral Modeling and LLM-Assisted Forensic Reasoning

Kundiya, K., & Haribhakta, Y. V. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3726811

Towards Secure Prompt Processing: A Unified Framework to Detect, Sanitize, and Prevent Adversarial Prompts via Dual-optimized Threshold-aware Learning

Alatabi, H. A., Ali, Y. H., & Rashid, T. A. (2026) · International journal of intelligent engineering and systems · doi:10.22266/ijies2026.0930.63

Benchmarking Large Language Models for Binary Function Name Prediction

Ge, Y., Xia, B., Ding, Y., & Liu, W. (2026) · ENGINEERING Information Technology & Electronic Engineering · doi:10.1631/eng.itee.2026.0017

An Integrated Honeypot and LLM-Based Framework for near Real-Time Detection and Behavioral Analysis of Malicious Activities

Oliveira, R. S., Gomes, T. F. N., Pinho, D., & Almeida, F. L. (2026) · Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy · doi:10.3390/jcp6050147

Playbook-Guided Executable SOC Automation for Privacy-Preserving Response in Distributed Networked Systems

Zhang, J., Liu, H., Ren, L., Zhao, Y., & Song, Z. (2026) · ICST Transactions on Scalable Information Systems · doi:10.4108/eetsis.13946

Privacy-Aware Data-Model Dual-Driven Decision Analysis for Data Security in Distributed Multi-Agent Operations

Wang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Zhao, H., & Wei, F. (2026) · ICST Transactions on Scalable Information Systems · doi:10.4108/eetsis.13943

QLoRA-Fusion-Based Large Language Model Framework for Automated Vulnerability-Weakness Mapping in Industrial Control Systems

Yang, H. J., Yoon, S.-S., & Euom, I.-C. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3732574

A Threat Modeling Prioritization and Automation Framework for Composable Architectures

Popescu, L.-M., & Brad, R. (2026) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi18100499

Autonomous intelligence in public trust: ethical frameworks for large language models in federal cybersecurity threat hunting

Ajibola, A. (2026) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-026-01335-5

Leveraging LLMs with Honeypots for the Security of Smart Grid SCADA Systems

Boumkheld, N., & Legg, P. (2026) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc10100335

Component-wise Evaluation of Evidence-Constrained LLM-Based Security Log Analysis and MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

Kim, E., & Shon, T. (2026) · Journal of Digital Contents Society · doi:10.9728/dcs.2026.27.9.2609

Provenance-Aware Evaluation of Cloud and Local Large Language Models for Cybersecurity WorkloadsPreprint

Sarkar, N. I., & Rashid (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11254181/v1

LLM-Based Kill Chain Detection for Cookie-Based Identity Theft: A Framework Aligned with MITRE ATT&CK and OWASP Top 10:2025

Ajhari, A. A., Putra, G. M., -, S., Iman, R. N., Hakim, I., & Riyadi, A. (2026) · International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications · doi:10.1109/ic3ina72033.2026.11714713

Extensões ao DefectDojo para Priorização de Vulnerabilidades

Aragão, F., Cardoso, G. P. D. O., Rios, I. S., Oliveira, L., Gimpel, M., Almeida, P. M., & Cunha, I. (2026) · Simpósio Brasileiro de Cibersegurança (SBSeg) · doi:10.5753/sbseg_estendido.2026.33529

AI-Agent-Based Web Application Security Testing vs. Conventional Automated Security Testing: An Exploratory Case Study

Kluczkiewicz, K., & Mycek, A. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15204768

From Glasswing to Fable: AI-scale vulnerability discovery and the governance of selective inoculation

Lundberg, R. (2026) · Journal of Cyber Policy · doi:10.1080/23738871.2026.2733005

An LLM-Based Agentic Pipeline for Generator-Level Adversarial Evaluation of Smart Grid IDSs

Quincozes, C. B., Mundt, G. C., Rankin, I., Quincozes, S. E., Severo, P. S., & Mossé, D. (2026) · Simpósio Brasileiro de Cibersegurança (SBSeg) · doi:10.5753/sbseg.2026.29283

BAGLEY: Orquestração Automatizada Baseada em LLM de Ciclos de Purple Teaming e MITRE CALDERA

Petry, J., Pontes, A. A. S., & Fontes, R. D. R. (2026) · Simpósio Brasileiro de Cibersegurança (SBSeg) · doi:10.5753/sbseg.2026.27023

AI-Driven Alarm Management in Industrial Systems: Methods and Applications

Liu, C., Peng, W., & Yu, X. (2026) · ENGINEERING Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.2738/engai.2026.0003

Large Language Models in Cybersecurity: A Systematic Mapping Study and a MITRE-Based Threat Matrix

Boujjadia, O. E., Jaafar, F., & Saedi, M. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3747866

Vulnerability Evolution and the Promise of Automated Gatekeeping in Open-Source Software

Akhavani, S. A., Ousat, B., Uluagac, S., & Kharraz, A. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-42939-1_3

Governing generative AI risks: A PRISMA-ScR evidence synthesis of socio-technical resilience and responsible technology adoption

Lara, B. N. Z. (2026) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103954

Efficient LoRA-Based Guardrail Models for Safe LLM Deployment on Consumer GPUs

Thammysetty, S., Aghera, S., Uma Devi, M., Saranya, S., Manchanda, S., & Rakshit, A. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing Research on Science Engineering and Technology (ACROSET) · doi:10.1109/acroset70960.2026.11742350

From LLM Policy Knowledge to Robust Cyber Defense Agents

Farooq, M. O., & Kunz, T. (2026) · IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC) · doi:10.1109/iscc70364.2026.11739953

Adversarial threats in LLM-augmented decision support for cyber-physical energy system with wildfire: Attack modeling and mitigation

Hasan, K., Shrestha, S., & Srivastava, A. K. (2026) · Cyber-Physical Energy Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cpes.2026.05.003

Evaluating Local LLMs for White-Box Web Application Penetration Testing

Temmel, L., Stöt, I., Bomström, M., & Saeed, N. (2026) · International Conference on Cybersecurity and AI-Based Systems (Cyber-AI) · doi:10.1109/cyber-ai70573.2026.11755230

Large Language Models for Cyber Security: A Systematic Literature Review

Xu, H., Wang, S., Li, N., Wang, K., Zhao, Y., Chen, K., Yu, T., Liu, Y., & Wang, H. (2024) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.04760 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Harnessing Large Language Models for Real-Time Cyber Threat Detection and Response: A Comprehensive Survey

Li, X., Sun, N., & Jiang, J. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-3015-0_19

Beyond Detection: Large Language Models and Next-Generation Cybersecurity

Ali, A., & Ghanem, M. C. (2025) · SHIFRA · doi:10.70470/shifra/2025/005 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Intelligent Cyber Defense: Leveraging LLMs for Real-Time Threat Detection and Analysis

Kakoulli, E., Zacharioudakis, E., & Evripidou, S. (2025) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81322-1_5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

From Vulnerability to Defense: The Role of Large Language Models in Enhancing Cybersecurity

Kasri, W., Himeur, Y., Alkhazaleh, H. A., Tarapiah, S., Atalla, S., Mansoor, W., & Al-Ahmad, H. (2025) · Computation · doi:10.3390/computation13020030 · Cited by 80 · see citing works