Effects of Dog-Based Animal-Assisted Interventions in Prison Population: A Systematic Review
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Background: Animal-assisted interventions, in concrete dog-assisted intervention, have been introduced in prisons to reduce recidivism as well as to improve the well-being of prisoners. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review is to provide an up-to-date analysis of the research on the effects of dog-based animal-assisted therapy in prison population. Methods: An electronic search of the literature was performed, and 20 articles were included. The PRISMA guideline methodology was employed. Results: Included studies involved a total of 1577 participants. The vast majority of protocols included activities related with dog training, dog caring, or activities, which included vocational or educational components. Duration of dog-based therapies ranged between 60 and 120 min, with the frequency being between 1 and 3 days/week. Statistically significant improvements in prisoners were observed in 13 studies. Conclusions: Dog-based animal-assisted therapy may improve anxiety, stress, recidivism, and other social variables in male or female inmates.
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AAT sessions are significantly related to self-esteem improvements and reduced anxiety levels.
“Previous studies [15,17] showed a significant relationship between AAT sessions and self-esteem improvements and reduced anxiety levels [18,19,20].”
From Effects of dog-assisted therapy in adolescents with eating disorders: A study protocol for a pilot controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
The Introduction reports increased self-esteem among inmates after dog-based interventions, and Results §3.7 reports effects on state anxiety. The review does not establish a statistically significant relationship for both outcomes across AAT sessions, and its Discussion cautions that study quality and risk of bias limit firm conclusions. The evidence is also specific to prison populations, whereas the claim is unqualified. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Villafaina-Domínguez, B., Collado-Mateo, D., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Villafaina, S.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Mediación y Conciliación (IMECO), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile (CL)
- Universidad de Extremadura (ES)
- Venue
- Animals
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-11-16
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2129
- ISSN
- 2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7697666
- OpenAlex
- W3097994917
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Social Fund (PD16008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- animal-assisted therapy, dog-assisted intervention, prisons, prisoners, recidivism, anxiety, stress, inmate well-being, dog training, vocational education, social skills
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