Annotation: The Development of Antisocial Behavior: An Integrative Causal Model
Abstract
In this paper we have described an integrative causal model of the development of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. The present model primarily integrates several previous models, but offers some new testable hypotheses. We believe that stable individual differences in propensity to antisocial behavior reflect variations in a number of dimensions of predisposing temperament and cognitive ability, each with its own genetic and environmental influences. The dimensions of predisposing temperament include oppositionality, harm avoidance, and callousness. Genetic influences are predicted to have only indirect effects on antisocial behavior via their influence on predisposition and on the youth's social environment. Environmental influences are expected to be important contributors to antisocial propensity, but these environmental influences reflect, in part, the genetic influences on the dimensions of predisposition (i.e. genotype-environment covariance). We also hypothesize that the levels of influence of the factors that determine individual differences in antisocial propensity change with development, such that genetic influences are of greater magnitude in early childhood and social influences contribute more strongly during later childhood and adolescence (both through independent effects and genotype-environment covariance). However, low levels of heritable predisposing child characteristics may protect against peer influences at all ages.
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The increased risk taking in ADHD+ODD provides evidence that this group is distinct from ADHD-only or ODD-only.
“The increased risk taking found in children with ADHD+ODD provides additional evidence that this group is distinct from ADHD-only or ODD-only (Hinshaw et al. 1993; Lahey et al. 1999).”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Lahey et al. 1999
Children with ADHD+ODD demonstrated significantly different patterns of risk taking and sensitivity to negative punishment than children with either ADHD-only or ODD-only.
“Children with ADHD+ODD demonstrated significantly different patterns of risk taking and sensitivity to negative punishment than children with either ADHD-only or ODD-only.”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Lahey et al. 1999
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“Etiological factors, which act early in life, are suspected to play a role.(27) Hereditary factors have been identified,(28,29) and the results of 2 investigations support the hypothesis of an involvement of OCs.”
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“…are the most common factor associated with both the development and maintenance of CD, and it is the impact of such disadvantaging circumstances on parenting itself that predicts problems for the child (Kochanska & Aksan 1995; Patterson & Forgatch 1995; Sampson et al. 1997; Lahey et al. 1999).”
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“…in the development of childhood PTSD (Cuffe et al., 1998; Neumann et al., 1996) also are involved in the etiology of ODD and CD (Clark, 1998; Lahey et al., 1999; Langbehn, Cadoret, Yates, Troughton, & Stewart, 1998): a family history of mental illness or substance abuse (“family…”
BackgroundInfluentialIrritability as a Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Trait:Current Issues and Future Directions
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“Furthermore, oppositional traits, including irritability and defiance, are indicative of high levels of negative emotionality and frequently precede more serious forms of AB (Lahey et al., 1999).”
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“Externalizing problem behaviors, on the other hand, are related to high scores on temperamental emotionality and activity and low fearfulness ( Lahey et al. 1999; Schwartz et al. 1999; Mathiesen and Sanson 2000).”
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“…as opposed to considering them in isolation, increased predictive power not only for youth gang affiliation, but also for other behavioral manifestations closely associated to psychopathy, such as behavior problems and delinquency (Côté et al. 2002; Lahey et al. 1999; Tremblay et al. 1994).”
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“The increased risk taking found in children with ADHD+ODD provides additional evidence that this group is distinct from ADHD-only or ODD-only (Hinshaw et al. 1993; Lahey et al. 1999).”
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“There is consensus that a variety of factors are associated with the development of antisocial behavior in children (Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 1992; Lahey, Waldman, & McBurnett, 1999; Patterson, Reid, & Dishion, 1992).”
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Relation of Age of Onset to the Type and Severity of Child and Adolescent Conduct Problems
Lahey, B. B., Goodman, S. H., Waldman, I. D., Bird, H., CANINO, G. J., Jensen, P. S., Regier, D. A., Leaf, P. J., Gordon, R., & Applegate, B. E. (1999) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1022661224769 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationTackett, J. L., Krueger, R. F., SAWYER, M. G., & GRAETZ, B. W. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1026214324287 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study
Tremblay, R. E., Vitaro, F., Nagin, D. S., Pagani, L. S., & Séguin, J. R. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47945-1_7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Keller, T. E., Spieker, S. J., & Gilchrist, L. D. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050170 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Predicting externalizing problems in Moroccan immigrant adolescents in the Netherlands
Stevens, G. W. J. M., Vollebergh, W., Pels, T. V. M., & Crijnen, A. A. M. (2005) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0926-x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Gender role differences in Moroccans may predominantly result into gender differences in the level of the variables that influence both girls’ and boys’ externalizing problems [41].”
BackgroundNeuroendocrine and neurotransmitter correlates in children with antisocial behavior
van Goozen, S. H. M., & Fairchild, G. F. (2006) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.06.021 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“When antisocial behavior becomes a persistent pattern that affects diverse domains of children's functioning, psychiatrists refer to oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD).”
BackgroundInfluentialMrug, S., Hoza, B., & Bukowski, W. M. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/b:jacp.0000007580.77154.69 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The etiology of associations between negative emotionality and childhood externalizing disorders.
Singh, A. L., & Waldman, I. D. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019342 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationExplaining discrepancies in arrest rates between Black and White male juveniles.
Fite, P. J., Wynn, P., & Pardini, D. A. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016626 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“While it is well known that children who exhibit severe conduct problems are at increased risk for arrest (Hanson et al, 1984; Lahey et al., 1999), it is important to note that other behavior problems did not add to the prediction of arrest when conduct problems and other risk factors were also…”
InfluentialTruancy Offenders in the Juvenile Justice System
Zhang, D., Katsiyannis, A., Barrett, D. E., & Willson, V. L. (2007) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/07419325070280040401 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Shaffer, A., Lindhiem, O., Kolko, D., & Trentacosta, C. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9670-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…is needed to investigate both longitudinal stability and potential transactional relations between parenting and child behavior in the context of treatment outcomes studies, providing empirical tests to developmental theories regarding the development of ODD/CD (Lahey et al. 1999; Patterson 1982).”
BackgroundEl maltrato entre iguales: descripción y análisis del fenómeno
Benítez, J. L., & Justicia, F. J. (2017) · Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology · doi:10.25115/ejrep.v4i9.1186 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Multiple Perspectives Within the Family
Deković, M., & Buist, K. L. (2005) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x04272617 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Maniglio, R. (2014) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838014526068 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Personality disorders in children and adolescents
Krueger, R. F., & Carlson, S. R. (2001) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-001-0072-4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
der Graaff, J. V., Branje, S., de Wied, M. A., & Meeus, W. (2012) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21435 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Individuals low in empathic concern for others may care less about having warm and affective relationships and may therefore be less affected by socialization efforts than individuals who show more empathic concern [Lahey et al., 1999].”
Background
- Authors
- Lahey, B. B., Waldman, I. D., & McBurnett, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 669-682
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2167385890
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 19.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Francis Crick Institute
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH53554, R01-MH42529, R01MH042529, R01MH053554, R01MH051091, R01-MH51091)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- antisocial behavior, causal models, temperament, oppositionality, harm avoidance, callousness, cognitive ability, genetic factors, environmental influences, individual differences, peer influence, child development, adolescence, heritability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Individuality, Infant, Male, Personality Development, Risk Factors, Temperament, Causality, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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