The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance
Open accessAbstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to their capacity to withstand antimicrobials is the formation of biofilms. Biofilms are associations of microorganisms embedded a self-produced extracellular matrix. They create particular environments that confer bacterial tolerance and resistance to antibiotics by different mechanisms that depend upon factors such as biofilm composition, architecture, the stage of biofilm development, and growth conditions. The biofilm structure hinders the penetration of antibiotics and may prevent the accumulation of bactericidal concentrations throughout the entire biofilm. In addition, gradients of dispersion of nutrients and oxygen within the biofilm generate different metabolic states of individual cells and favor the development of antibiotic tolerance and bacterial persistence. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance may develop within biofilms through a variety of mechanisms. The expression of efflux pumps may be induced in various parts of the biofilm and the mutation frequency is induced, while the presence of extracellular DNA and the close contact between cells favor horizontal gene transfer. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which biofilms cause tolerance/resistance to antibiotics helps to develop novel strategies to fight these infections.
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Cites
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Self-citationThe meningococcal autotransporter AutA is implicated in autoaggregation and biofilm formation
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Self-citation
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The application of the CRISPR-Cas system in antibiotic resistance
Tao, S., Chen, H., Li, N., & Liang, W. (2022) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s370869 · Cited by 147
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Nanomedicine for phage therapy: Encapsulation strategies for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy
Dorta-Gorrín, A., Salgueiriño, V., & García-Hevia, L. (2026) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2025.107660 · Cited by 16
Role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance of the bacterial bovine respiratory disease complex
Andrés-Lasheras, S., Zaheer, R., Jelinski, M., & McAllister, T. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1353551 · Cited by 15
Acharya, P., Lloyd, C., Lam, N. T., Kumke, J., Ray, S., Yanira Muñoz Ramirez, Z., Das, S., & Lam, H. N. (2026) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00870-25 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Uruén, C., Chopo-Escuin, G., Tommassen, J., Mainar-Jaime, R. C., & Arenas, J.
- Venue
- Antibiotics
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-23
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3
- ISSN
- 2079-6382 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3114978647
- Cited by
- 769
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 15.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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