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Digital Twin: Origin to Future
Open accessAbstract
Digital Twin (DT) refers to the virtual copy or model of any physical entity (physical twin) both of which are interconnected via exchange of data in real time. Conceptually, a DT mimics the state of its physical twin in real time and vice versa. Application of DT includes real-time monitoring, designing/planning, optimization, maintenance, remote access, etc. Its implementation is expected to grow exponentially in the coming decades. The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought complex industrial systems that are more autonomous, smart, and highly interconnected. These systems generate considerable amounts of data useful for several applications such as improving performance, predictive maintenance, training, etc. A sudden influx in the number of publications related to ‘Digital Twin’ has led to confusion between different terminologies related to the digitalization of industries. Another problem that has arisen due to the growing popularity of DT is a lack of consensus on the description of DT as well as so many different types of DT, which adds to the confusion. This paper intends to consolidate the different types of DT and different definitions of DT throughout the literature for easy identification of DT from the rest of the complimentary terms such as ‘product avatar’, ‘digital thread’, ‘digital model’, and ‘digital shadow’. The paper looks at the concept of DT since its inception to its predicted future to realize the value it can bring to certain sectors. Understanding the characteristics and types of DT while weighing its pros and cons is essential for any researcher, business, or sector before investing in the technology.
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“In accordance with DT characteristics, the DTP is able to simulate manufacturing scenarios and perform validation testing, evaluation and even quality control testing prior to the actual manufacturing process itself.This approach effectively reduces production costs and operational time by identifying flaws or possible risks of the physical twin before production.”
From Digital Twin Technology Challenges and Applications: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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In the citing paper
“It is important to note that the development and widespread implementation of DTs depend on the advances in research and enabling technologies such as AI, ML, big data, 5G communication and cloud/edge computing [10,83].”
From Digital Twin Technology Challenges and Applications: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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In the citing paper
“The proposed approach involved utilizing DT technology to replicate the aircraft's physical and mechanical characteristics, aiming to forecast potential fatigue or structural cracks.This strategy would effectively extend the operational lifespan of the aircraft [21].”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Furthermore, the continuous transfer of information between DT and its physical counterpart enables ongoing validation and optimization of the system's processes [21].”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
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“However, the modern state of the art classifies and defines DTs based on the application domain [10] and their levels of integration.”
From Digital Twin Technology Challenges and Applications: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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“High costs of implementation due to the increased amount of sensors and computational resources needed [10,18].”
From Digital Twin Technology Challenges and Applications: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Issues related to data (trust, privacy, cybersecurity, convergence and governance, acquisition and large-scale analysis) [10].”
From Digital Twin Technology Challenges and Applications: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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Citations
Cites
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“…literature have referred to DT as a virtual or digital model [21,23,27–35], layout [36], counterpart [7,9,35,37], doppelganger [38], clone [39], footprint [40], software analogue [41], representation [42–46], information constructs [2,47], or simulation [20,26,48–51] of its physical counterpart.”
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Items 201–300 of 1,000
Peña-Graf, F., Órdenes, J., Wilson, R., & Navarra, A. (2022) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met12020225 · Cited by 23
Increasing the Flexibility of Hydropower with Reinforcement Learning on a Digital Twin Platform
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Dobaj, J., Riel, A., Macher, G., & Egretzberger, M. (2023) · Machines · doi:10.3390/machines11100973 · Cited by 26
Digital Twin-Enabled Infrastructures: A Bibliometric Analysis-Based Review
Taherkhani, R., Ashtari, M. A., & Aziminezhad, M. (2023) · Journal of Infrastructure Systems · doi:10.1061/jitse4.iseng-2323 · Cited by 25
Leutert, F., Bohlig, D., Kempf, F., Schilling, K., Mühlbauer, M., Ayan, B., Hulin, T., Stulp, F., Albu-Schäffer, A., Kutscher, V., et al. (2024) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.01.019 · Cited by 26
“The digital twin itself was first mentioned by NASA in 2010 and has developed considerably since then [27].”
MethodDigital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0
Mon, B. F., Hayajneh, M., Ali, N. A., Ullah, F., Ullah, H., & Alkobaisi, S. (2025) · Computers, Materials & Continua · doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.061411 · Cited by 26
“This strategy would effectively extend the operational lifespan of the aircraft [21].”
Introduction to Digital Twin Technologies in Transportation Infrastructure Management (TIM)
Wang, W., Zaheer, Q., Qiu, S., Wang, W., Ai, C., Wang, J., Wang, S., & Hu, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5804-7_1 · Cited by 23
Blueprint conceptualization for a river basin's digital twin
Pal, D., Marttila, H., Ala-Aho, P., Lotsari, E., Ronkanen, A.-K., Gonzales-Inca, C., Croghan, D., Korppoo, M., Kämäri, M., Rooijen, E. V., et al. (2025) · Hydrology Research · doi:10.2166/nh.2025.111 · Cited by 22
Modern trends and industrial use cases of digital twin technology with 3D behavioral representation
Macháček, Z., Hercík, R., Vaclavik, A., Zemanek, J., Hameed, I. A., & Koziorek, J. (2025) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-025-02709-y · Cited by 32
“Other credible sources (Singh et al., 2021; Rasheed et al., 2020 ) refer to the concept of remote monitoring using digital twins, but do not explicitly mention the term digital shadow.”
From digital control to digital twins in medicine: A brief review and future perspectives
Eftimie, R., Mavrodin, A., & Bordas, S. (2022) · Advances in applied mechanics · doi:10.1016/bs.aams.2022.09.001 · Cited by 24
Hammerschmid, M., Rosenfeld, D. C., Bartik, A., Benedikt, F., Fuchs, J., & Müller, S. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16062641 · Cited by 21
Wang, W., Zaheer, Q., Qiu, S., Wang, W., Ai, C., Wang, J., Wang, S., & Hu, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5804-7_2 · Cited by 21
Mathematical modeling in radiotherapy for cancer: a comprehensive narrative review
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“A digital twin usually refers to a virtual copy or model of a physical entity [155–157].”
Setting up a Digital Twin Assisted Greenhouse Architecture
Kantaros, A., & Piromalis, D. (2022) · American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences · doi:10.3844/ajeassp.2022.230.238 · Cited by 17
“Digital twins are virtual representations of real-time data on an object or system using simulations, engineer learning, and logical reasoning to aid in decision-making (Piromalis and Kantaros, 2022; Kantaros et al., 2021; Tsaramirsis et al., 2022; Singh et al., 2021).”
BackgroundCastelló-Pedrero, P., García-Gascón, C., & García-Manrique, J. A. (2024) · International Journal of Material Forming · doi:10.1007/s12289-024-01811-5 · Cited by 21
“Although both, simulations and DT, employ digital models to recreate the various systems, a DT is essentially a virtual world, therefore it contains far more features and data [20, 21].”
Digital Twins Verification and Validation Approach through the Quintuple Helix Conceptual Framework
Perišić, A., & Perišić, B. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13163303 · Cited by 23
Network Digital Twins: A Systematic Review
Verdecchia, R., Scommegna, L., Picano, B., Becattini, M., & Vicario, E. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3453034 · Cited by 24
“Historically, digital twins were born as a digital representation of physical assets, while the capability to represent logical ones was introduced in later years [35].”
BackgroundA framework to define, design and construct digital twins in the mining industry
van Eyk, L., & Heyns, P. S. (2024) · Computers & Industrial Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cie.2024.110805 · Cited by 22
İnanlar, B., & Altay, F. (2025) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105491 · Cited by 23
A Digital Twin Design for Maintenance Optimization
Davies, O., Makkattil, A., Jiang, C., & Farsi, M. (2022) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2022.05.268 · Cited by 20
Image-based deep learning for smart digital twins: a review
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“This integration allows for real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of physical systems using their virtual counterparts.”
Michalski, M. Â. D. C., de Melo, I. S., & de Souza, G. F. M. (2024) · Journal of Sound and Vibration · doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2024.118817 · Cited by 19
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“For example, water shortages and ecological degradation have been associated with the mining of lithium from brine lakes in the South American "Lithium Triangle" [112].”
Beyond Digital Twins: Phygital Twins for Neuroergonomics in Human-Robot Interaction
Barresi, G., Pacchierotti, C., Laffranchi, M., & Michieli, L. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurorobotics · doi:10.3389/fnbot.2022.913605 · Cited by 19
“…debate, and reaching one could be a necessary step for efficiently managing its technical requirements in terms of computing and connectivity (Shafto et al., 2012; Haag and Anderl, 2018; Jones et al., 2020; Kuehner et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2021; Botín-Sanabria et al., 2022; Wang D. et al., 2022).”
BackgroundMulti-Agent Systems in Support of Digital Twins: A Survey
Pretel, E., Navarro, E., López‐Jaquero, V., Moya, A., & González, P. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06527-9_52 · Cited by 19
Digital Twins-Based Smart Monitoring and Optimisation of Mineral Processing Industry
Hasidi, O., Abdelwahed, E. H., Qazdar, A., Boulaamail, A., Krafi, M., Benzakour, I., Bourzeix, F., Baïna, S., Bäına, K., Cherkaoui, M., et al. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20490-6_33 · Cited by 21
A Model Based Framework for IoT-Aware Business Process Management
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Virtual Reality-Based Digital Twins: A Case Study on Pharmaceutical Cannabis
Spyrou, O., Hurst, W., & Verdouw, C. N. (2023) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc7020095 · Cited by 19
“There is a tangible increasing demand for Digital-Twin-driven technologies implemented in various industries, with the market volume previously estimated at USD 3.1 billion for 2020 and forecasted to reach USD 48.2 billion by 2026 [5].”
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de Oliveira, V. F., Matiolli, G., Bordin, C. J., Gaspar, R., & Lins, R. G. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles · doi:10.1109/tiv.2024.3378579 · Cited by 25
Virtual Building Models in built environments
Yoon, S. (2024) · Developments in the Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100453 · Cited by 19
Chajaei, F., & Bagheri, H. (2024) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102102 · Cited by 24
“The city digital twin can help provide a simulated environment and better visualization of the city, and it can be used for design, planning, decision-making, and weather prediction [103].”
MethodA multisectoral systematic literature review of digital twins in supply chain management
Kapil, D., Raut, R. D., Nayal, K., Kumar, M., & Akarte, M. (2024) · Benchmarking An International Journal · doi:10.1108/bij-04-2024-0286 · Cited by 23
A Review of the Applications of Digital Twin Technology in Marine Research
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“Digital twin technology has become one of the core components of the Predix platform used to create virtual models of devices, thereby enabling real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance (Singh et al., 2021).”
Elnosh, A., Calais, M., & Parlevliet, D. (2026) · Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.116326 · Cited by 23
A Digital Twin Approach to Sustainable Disaster Management: Case of Cayirova
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Wearable Biosensing and Machine Learning for Data-Driven Training and Coaching Support
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Characterisation and evaluation of identicality for digital twins for the manufacturing domain
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“The aerospace industry embraced the DT concept, as companies like NASA and Boeing [24] utilized DTs to simulate and monitor the behavior of complex systems.”
MethodMixed reality and digital twins for astronaut training
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Opportunities and Challenges of Smartglass-Assisted Interactive Telementoring
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“…use of this type of technology [1,2] in forms of remote collaboration, working-from-home, teleconferencing, online education, and metaverses enriched with various configurations of digital twins (DTs) [3], augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR).”
Digital twin-based online structural optimization? Yes, it's possible!
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“…systems [3,12,13]. technology integrates several advanced fi elds, including the Internet of Things (IoT), Arti fi cial Intelligence (AI), and cloud computing, to create a dynamic, data-driven model capable of accurately predicting future states and potential failures of physical systems [3,12,13].”
The Next Generation of eHealth: A Multidisciplinary Survey
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“Despite the great potential, in [92], besides the problems related to data security, the novelty of technology, time and cost, lack of standards and regulations, and life-cycle mismatching are outlined as challenges to the digital twin implementation.”
BackgroundInfluentialJeong, J.-S., & Lee, H.-S. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13148143 · Cited by 17
A digital twin commissioning method for machine tools based on scenario simulation
Sun, X., Zhang, F., Niu, X., & Wang, J. (2024) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2024.10.017 · Cited by 17
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“These virtual replicas are continuously updated with real-time data, enabling simulation, prediction, and system efficiency [24].”
Alves, R. G., Lima, F., Guedes, I. M. R., & Gimenez, S. P. (2025) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2025.112985 · Cited by 16
Digital Twin Framework for Road Infrastructure Management
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de Jaeger, A., & Swerts, T. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106498 · Cited by 20
Digital Twin and Manufacturing
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Integration of SysML and Virtual Reality Environment: A Ground Based Telescope System Example
Lutfi, M., & Valerdi, R. (2023) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems11040189 · Cited by 16
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Reshaping the Digital Twin Construct with Levels of Digital Twinning (LoDT)
Vieira, J., Martins, J. P., Almeida, N. M., Patrício, H., & Morgado, J. G. (2023) · Applied System Innovation · doi:10.3390/asi6060114 · Cited by 18
“Such solutions can present significant opportunities in addressing the barrier of high implementation costs identified by the industry, often cited in the literature [13,58].”
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DIDChain: Advancing Supply Chain Data Management with Decentralized Identifiers and Blockchain
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“These digital twins encapsulate asset information, including ownership, characteristics, functions, and lifecycle data, mirroring the physical asset [28].”
BackgroundSplatFields: Neural Gaussian Splats for Sparse 3D and 4D Reconstruction
Mihajlović, M., Prokudin, S., Tang, S., Maier, R. L., Bogo, F., Tung, T., & Boyer, E. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72627-9_18 · Cited by 16
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Subahi, A. F. (2024) · Technologies · doi:10.3390/technologies12090147 · Cited by 18
Digital Twins in Fusion Energy Research: Current State and Future Directions
Battye, M., & Perinpanayagam, S. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3561920 · Cited by 17
“This includes protecting data from unauthorised access and ensuring compliance with regulations [124].”
InfluentialHossain, M. I., Hossan, M. R., Shaon, Z. H., & Ferdous, M. (2026) · Discover Cities · doi:10.1007/s44327-025-00179-8 · Cited by 13
“The development of technical architecture is essential for scalable DT systems [6].”
DTMN a Modelling Notation for Digital Twins
Corradini, F., Fedeli, A., Fornari, F., Polini, A., & Re, B. (2023) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26886-1_4 · Cited by 15
Digital Twin Model Quality Optimization and Control Methods Based on Workflow Management
Luo, R., Sheng, B., Lu, Y., Huang, Y., Fu, G., & Yin, X. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13052884 · Cited by 15
A Survey of Advanced Information Fusion System: from Model-Driven to Knowledge-Enabled
Zhu, D., Yin, H., Xu, Y., Wu, J., Zhang, B., Cheng, Y., Yin, Z., Yu, Z., Wen, H., & Li, B. (2023) · Data Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s41019-023-00209-8 · Cited by 17
“For example, NASA integrated digital thread with knowledge architecture and realized the domain integration of knowledge management, information architecture and data science through digital twins [76, 77].”
BackgroundDigital Process Twins as Intelligent Design Technology for Engineering Metaverse/XR Applications
Stary, C. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152216062 · Cited by 18
AgTech: A Survey on Digital Twins Based Aquaculture Systems
Le, N.-B.-V., Woo, H., Lee, D., & Huh, J. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3443859 · Cited by 20
“…can be categorized into three distinct tiers based on the seamless exchange and interaction of information between the physical layer and the virtual layer, namely the Simulation and Digital Modeling System, Digital Twins System, and Enhanced System (Metaverse) [24], [25], as presented Figure 1.”
BackgroundAnalysing the Value of Digital Twinning Opportunities in Infrastructure Asset Management
Vieira, J., Almeida, N. M., Martins, J. P., Patrício, H., & Morgado, J. G. (2024) · Infrastructures · doi:10.3390/infrastructures9090158 · Cited by 18
Hansen, E., Vaitkūnaitė, G., Schneider, J., Gumbsch, P., & Frohnapfel, B. (2023) · Lubricants · doi:10.3390/lubricants11020075 · Cited by 14
“While some works strictly require a digital twin to have bi-directional real-time communication between the physical and virtual entity [11], other works already consider a one-directional physical-to-virtual connection as sufficient to be labelled as a digital twin [12].”
BackgroundDigital thread in engineering: Concept, state of art, and enabling framework
Wu, S., Wang, G., Lu, J., Yan, Y., Gong, Y., Dong, M., & Kiritsis, D. (2025) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2025.103258 · Cited by 14
An Outlook of Digital Twins in Offensive Military Cyber Operations
Maathuis, C. (2022) · European Conference on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics · doi:10.34190/eciair.4.1.765 · Cited by 17
“…main clusters are defined: Standardization, governance, and regulation that consider muti-stakeholder perspective (Talkhestani et al., 2019; Singh et al., 2021; Flamigni et al., 2021): since these systems are developed and deployed in settings where multi-stakeholders are involved, proper…”
BackgroundPliuhin, V., Tsegelnyk, Y. V., Plankovskyy, S. I., Аксьонов, О. Б., & Комбаров, В. В. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40628-7_42 · Cited by 16
Overview and Comparison of Asset Information Model Standards
Miny, T., Thies, M., Lukic, L., Käbisch, S., Oladipupo, K., Diedrich, C., & Kleinert, T. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3312286 · Cited by 14
El Gemelo Digital y su aplicación en la Automática
Chicaiza, W. D., Gómez, J., Sánchez, A. J., & Escaño, J. M. (2024) · Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI · doi:10.4995/riai.2024.20175 · Cited by 15
“Así, a partir de ese momento, las publicaciones que usan las palabras Gemelo Digital , han ido creciendo exponencialmente (Singh et al., 2021).”
BackgroundKunkera, Z., Željković, I., Mimica, R., Ljubenkov, B., & Opetuk, T. (2024) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse12040550 · Cited by 22
Real-time digital twin of autonomous ships based on virtual-physical mapping model
Xia, G., Zhou, Z., Han, F., Peng, X., Zhao, W., Wu, Y., & Lin, Q. (2024) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0222332 · Cited by 14
Koumou, K. O., & Isafiade, O. E. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3461548 · Cited by 14
“DT represents the replication of the physical object; and includes the properties, condition, and behavior of the real-life object through models and data [12], [18], [19], [36].”
MethodSugiyama, G., Bourgeois, I., & Rodrigues, H. (2025) · Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00390 · Cited by 18
Ibrahim, K., Okanlawon, T. T., Oyewobi, L. O., Badamasi, A. A., Dodo, M., & Jimoh, R. A. (2024) · Engineering Construction & Architectural Management · doi:10.1108/ecam-04-2024-0520 · Cited by 16
Review and Insights Toward Cognitive Digital Twins in Pavement Assets for Construction 5.0
Oditallah, M., Alam, M., Palaneeswaran, E., & Ranjha, S. A. (2025) · Infrastructures · doi:10.3390/infrastructures10030064 · Cited by 19
“The virtual space is reinforced by modelling and simulation tools, sensor data, and databases Another probabilistic , and scales [2].”
InfluentialA methodology for estimating the cost of a digital twin
Su, S., Nassehi, A., McClenaghan, A., Langridge, A., & Hicks, B. J. (2025) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.04.004 · Cited by 14
Chang, W., Sun, W., Chen, P., & Xu, H. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25134153 · Cited by 13
“In 2003, he formalized its architecture as a triad comprising physical entities, virtual models, and data linkages (although the term “digital twin” had not yet been coined) [11,12].”
Felicetti, A., Himmiche, A., & Somenzi, M. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app151810061 · Cited by 21
“Many applications persist in isolated pilot stages, lacking the infrastructural robustness or institutional momentum to scale effectively [40].”
Ghasemzadeh, K., Jafari, M., Torabi, T., Amiri, A., & Iulianelli, A. (2026) · Advanced Membranes · doi:10.1016/j.advmem.2026.100219 · Cited by 25
ConSolid: A federated ecosystem for heterogeneous multi-stakeholder projects
Werbrouck, J., Pauwels, P., Beetz, J., Verborgh, R., & Mannens, E. (2023) · Semantic Web · doi:10.3233/sw-233396 · Cited by 13
Towards Digital Twins of buildings and smart energy networks: Current and future trends
Testasecca, T., Lazzaro, M., & Sirchia, A. (2023) · IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Living Environment (MetroLivEnv) · doi:10.1109/metrolivenv56897.2023.10164035 · Cited by 13
“A complete definition of DT was proposed in 2021 by Singh et al. [5].”
BackgroundDigital twins: stages of concept development, areas of use, prospects
Pankratova, N. D., Grishyn, K., & Barilko, V. (2023) · System research and information technologies · doi:10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2023.2.01 · Cited by 15
Oulefki, A., Amira, A., Kurugöllü, F., & Alshoweky, M. (2023) · International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) · doi:10.1109/icecce61019.2023.10442609 · Cited by 13
“This technology allows simulations and testing within a secure and economically viable environment, thereby enabling organizations to gauge the repercussions of alterations prior to their actual implementation [4].”
BackgroundIntegrating FMI and ML/AI models on the open‐source digital twin framework OpenTwins
Infante, S., Martín, C., Robles, J., Rubio, B., Díáz, M., Perea, R. G., Montesinos, P., & Poyato, E. C. (2024) · Software Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/spe.3322 · Cited by 13
VR-based digital twin for remote monitoring of mining equipment: Architecture and a case study
Plavšić, J., & Mišković, I. (2024) · Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware · doi:10.1016/j.vrih.2023.12.002 · Cited by 17
A Review of Digital Twin Applications in Various Sectors
Priya, P. K., & Reethika, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58523-4_12 · Cited by 13
An IoT Architecture Leveraging Digital Twins: Compromised Node Detection Scenario
Alanezi, K., & Mishra, S. (2024) · IEEE Systems Journal · doi:10.1109/jsyst.2024.3403500 · Cited by 15
Wan, A., Chenyu, D. U., Peng, C., & AL-Bukhaiti, K. (2024) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110390 · Cited by 13
Mitrishkin, Y. V., Korenev, P. S., Konkov, A. E., Kartsev, N. M., & Smirnov, I. S. (2021) · Fusion Engineering and Design · doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112993 · Cited by 13
Digital Twins: Definition, Implementation and Applications
Galar, D. P., & Kumar, U. (2024) · Risk, reliability and safety engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9122-8_7 · Cited by 13
Cross-domain comparative analysis of digital twins and universalised solutions
Xiong, G., Li, H., & Gao, Y. (2025) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2025.103726 · Cited by 14
Sun, T., Lu, J., Li, Q., & Kou, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1631339 · Cited by 13
“The concept of Digital Twin (DT) was originally introduced to describe product lifecycle management, encompassing physical products, virtual models, and their interconnections (11, 12).”
Tijani, I. A., Wakjira, T. G., Alam, M. S., & Uddin, N. (2025) · Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11831-025-10459-6 · Cited by 16
Executable Digital Process Twins: Towards the Enhancement of Process-Driven Systems
Corradini, F., Pettinari, S., Re, B., Rossi, L., & Tiezzi, F. (2023) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc7030139 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, M., Fuenmayor, E., Hinchy, E., Qiao, Y., Murray, N., & Devine, D.
- Affiliations
- Athlone Institute of Technology (IE)
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Devine, Declan
- Venue
- Applied System Innovation
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-05-24
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 36
- ISSN
- 2571-5577 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3164800436
- Cited by
- 1,038
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 189 · 2025: 275 · 2024: 260 · 2023: 198 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 74.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied System Innovation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Research@THEA (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland (16/RC/3918)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Applied Advanced Technologies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Digital Innovation in Industries
- Keywords
- digital twin, physical twin, Industry 4.0, real-time data exchange, predictive maintenance, digital thread, digital models, digital shadow, terminology confusion, industrial digitalization
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