The DOI matches its Crossref record; 310 of the 319 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuroscience of Internet Pornography Addiction: A Review and Update
Open accessAbstract
Many recognize that several behaviors potentially affecting the reward circuitry in human brains lead to a loss of control and other symptoms of addiction in at least some individuals. Regarding Internet addiction, neuroscientific research supports the assumption that underlying neural processes are similar to substance addiction. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has recognized one such Internet related behavior, Internet gaming, as a potential addictive disorder warranting further study, in the 2013 revision of their Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Other Internet related behaviors, e.g., Internet pornography use, were not covered. Within this review, we give a summary of the concepts proposed underlying addiction and give an overview about neuroscientific studies on Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorder. Moreover, we reviewed available neuroscientific literature on Internet pornography addiction and connect the results to the addiction model. The review leads to the conclusion that Internet pornography addiction fits into the addiction framework and shares similar basic mechanisms with substance addiction. Together with studies on Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder we see strong evidence for considering addictive Internet behaviors as behavioral addiction. Future research needs to address whether or not there are specific differences between substance and behavioral addiction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Recent studies indicate that compulsive sexual arousal may be addictive and hazardous to otherwise healthy people because it has neurological effects on the brain that are comparable to those of drugs (Love et al., 2015;Nestler, 2005;Phillips et al., 2015;Reisman, 2004;Voon et al., 2014).”
From “Your Addiction, her Sexual Suffering”—A Qualitative Inquiry into the Effects of Compulsive Sexual Behaviors on Intimate Female Partners (2025) · cites this paper as Love et al., 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Behavioral addictions indirectly affect the brain's neurotransmitter system, especially the dopamine system, and function as a reinforcement comparable to pharmacological substances that directly affect this system.”
From Cybersex addiction: An overview of the development and treatment of a newly emerging disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–310 of 310
Pornography addiction – a supranormal stimulus considered in the context of neuroplasticity
Hilton, D. L. (2013) · Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology · doi:10.3402/snp.v3i0.20767 · Cited by 109
PET imaging reveals brain functional changes in internet gaming disorder
Tian, M., Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., Du, F., Hou, H., Chao, F., & Zhang, H. (2014) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-014-2708-8 · Cited by 108
Liu, J., Gao, X.-P., Osunde, I., Li, X., Zhou, S., Zheng, H., & Li, L. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 108
Individual vulnerability to addiction
Swendsen, J. D., & Moal, M. L. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05894.x · Cited by 106
Problematic Use of the Internet and Self-Regulation: A Review of the Initial Studies
Billieux, J. (2012) · The Open Addiction Journal · doi:10.2174/1874941001205010024 · Cited by 106
Wang, H., Jin, C., Yuan, K., Shakir, T. M., Mao, C., Niu, X., Niu, C., Guo, L., & Zhang, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00064 · Cited by 105
Zhang, J., Yao, Y., Li, C.-S. R., Zang, Y., Shen, Z., Liu, L., Wang, L.-J., Liu, B., & Fang, X. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12247 · Cited by 104
Cai, C., Yuan, K., Yin, J., Feng, D., Bi, Y., Li, Y., Yu, D., Jin, C., Qin, W., & Tian, J. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9358-8 · Cited by 100
Kim, Y.-R., Son, J.-W., Lee, S.-I., Shin, C.-J., Kim, S.-K., Ju, G., Choi, W.-H., Oh, J.-H., Lee, S., Jo, S., et al. (2012) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.013 · Cited by 100
The Role of the CHRNA4 Gene in Internet Addiction
Montag, C., Kirsch, P., Sauer, C., Markett, S. A., & Reuter, M. (2012) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e31825ba7e7 · Cited by 98
Sexual behavior and responsiveness to sexual stimuli following laboratory‐induced sexual arousal
Both, S., Spiering, M., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., & Laan, E. T. M. (2004) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490409552232 · Cited by 97
Steele, V. R., Staley, C., FONG, T. W., & Prause, N. (2013) · Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology · doi:10.3402/snp.v3i0.20770 · Cited by 96
Duven, E., Müller, K. W., Beutel, M. E., & Wölfling, K. (2014) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.293 · Cited by 95
Romanczuk‐Seiferth, N., Koehler, S., Dreesen, C., Wüstenberg, T., & Heinz, A. (2014) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12144 · Cited by 94
ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens is critical for reinforcing effects of sexual reward
Pitchers, K. K., Frohmader, K. S., Vialou, V., Mouzon, E., Nestler, E. J., Lehman, M. N., & Coolen, L. M. (2010) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00621.x · Cited by 93
Chong-yaw Wee, A., Zhao, Z., Yap, P., Guorong Wu, A., Shi, F., Price, T., Du, Y., Xu, J., Zhou, Y., & Shen, D. G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107306 · Cited by 92
Balodis, I. M., Grilo, C. M., Hedy Kober, A., Worhunsky, P. D., White, M. A., Stevens, M. C. G., Pearlson, G. D., & Potenza, M. N. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22204 · Cited by 91
Impaired Frontal-Basal Ganglia Connectivity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction
Baojuan Li, A., Friston, K. J., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, G., Cao, F., Su, L., Yao, S., Lu, H., & Hu, D. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep05027 · Cited by 90
Eating Disorders, Addictions and Substance Use Disorders
Brewerton, T. D., & Baker Dennis, A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45378-6 · Cited by 87
Kim, H., Kim, Y. K., Gwak, A. R., Lim, J.-A., Lee, J., Jung, H. Y., Sohn, B. K., Choi, S., Kim, D., & Choi, J. (2015) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.004 · Cited by 86
Blum, K., Werner, T. L., Carnes, S., Carnes, P. J., Bowirrat, A., Giordano, J., Oscar‐Berman, M., & Gold, M. S. (2012) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.662112 · Cited by 86
Dynamic neural responses to cue‐reactivity paradigms in heroin‐dependent users: An fMRI study
Zheng, Y., Xie, J., Shao, Y., Xie, C., Fu, L., Li, D., Fan, M., Ma, L., & Li, S. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20542 · Cited by 83
Kätsyri, J., Hari, R., Ravaja, N., & Nummenmaa, L. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00278 · Cited by 81
Brains online: structural and functional correlates of habitual Internet use
Kühn, S., & Gallinat, J. (2014) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12128 · Cited by 80
Pornographic Picture Processing Interferes with Working Memory Performance
Laier, C., Schulte, F. P., & Brand, M. (2012) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.716873 · Cited by 80
Self-citationPathological gambling and the loss of willpower: a neurocognitive perspective
Brevers, D., & Noël, X. (2013) · Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology · doi:10.3402/snp.v3i0.21592 · Cited by 80
Online self-guided interventions for the treatment of problem gambling
Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. P. (2011) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2011.617764 · Cited by 80
The effects of stimuli that vary in erotic content on cognitive processes
Wright, L. W., & Adams, H. E. (1999) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499909551979 · Cited by 79
Laier, C., Pekal, J., & Brand, M. (2014) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0396 · Cited by 79
Self-citationWang, Y., Yin, Y., Sun, Y., Zhou, Y., Xue, C., Ding, W., Wang, W., Li, W., Xu, J., & Du, Y. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118733 · Cited by 79
Zhou, Z., Yuan, G., Yao, J., Li, C., & Cheng, Z. (2010) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2010.00444.x · Cited by 79
Pezoa-Jares, R. E. (2012) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.s6-004 · Cited by 79
Parsons, O. A., Sinha, R., & Williams, H. L. (1990) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01239.x · Cited by 77
Dong, G., Lin, X., Hu, Y., Xie, C., & Du, X. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep09197 · Cited by 76
Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Li, Q., Li, W., Wu, N., Zheng, Y., Chang, H., Chen, J., & Wang, W. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058098 · Cited by 74
Male sexual arousal across five modes of erotic stimulation
Julien, E., & Over, R. (1988) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542663 · Cited by 74
Dong, G., Shen, Y., Huang, J., & Du, X. (2013) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000346783 · Cited by 73
Li, W., Li, Y., Yang, W., Zhang, Q., Wei, D., Li, W., Hitchman, G., & Qiu, J. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.019 · Cited by 72
The Genetics of Gambling and Behavioral Addictions
Lobo, D. S. S., & Kennedy, J. L. (2006) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900015121 · Cited by 72
Yau, Y. H. C., Potenza, M. N., Mayes, L. C., & Crowley, M. J. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.008 · Cited by 71
Feng, Q., Chen, X., Sun, J., Zhou, Y., Sun, Y., Ding, W., Zhang, Y., Zhuang, Z., Xu, J., & Du, Y. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-9-33 · Cited by 71
Sexual Picture Processing Interferes with Decision-Making Under Ambiguity
Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., & Brand, M. (2013) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0119-8 · Cited by 70
Self-citationSnagowski, J., & Brand, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00653 · Cited by 69
Self-citationAmplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation Abnormalities in Adolescents with Online Gaming Addiction
Yuan, K., Jin, C., Cheng, P., Yang, X., Dong, T., Bi, Y., Xing, L., von Deneen, K. M., Yu, D., Liu, J., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078708 · Cited by 69
Schiebener, J., Laier, C., & Brand, M. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.4.2015.1.5 · Cited by 69
Self-citationMinnix, J. A., Versace, F., Robinson, J. D., Lam, C. Y., Engelmann, J. M., Cui, Y., Brown, V. L., & Cinciripini, P. M. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.019 · Cited by 68
Event-Related Potentials in Substance Use Disorders
Campanella, S., Pogarell, O. M., & Boutros, N. N. (2013) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/1550059413495533 · Cited by 68
An fMRI study of cognitive control in problem gamers
Luijten, M., Meerkerk, G.-J., Franken, I. H. A., van de Wetering, B. J. M., & Schoenmakers, T. M. (2015) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.004 · Cited by 68
Pornography addiction: A neuroscience perspective
Watts, C. C., & Hilton, D. (2011) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.4103/2152-7806.76977 · Cited by 68
Toates, F. M. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107279292 · Cited by 68
The Genetics of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Systematic Review
Gyollai, Á., Griffiths, M. D., Barta, C., Vereczkei, A., Urbán, R., Kun, B., Kökönyei, G., Székely, A., Sasvári‐Székely, M., Blum, K., et al. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990626 · Cited by 66
Differential resting-state EEG patterns associated with comorbid depression in Internet addiction
Lee, J., Hwang, J. Y., Park, S. M., Jung, H. Y., Choi, S., Kim, D., Lee, J., & Choi, J. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.016 · Cited by 65
Macapagal, K., Janssen, E., Fridberg, D. J., Finn, P., & Heiman, J. (2010) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9676-2 · Cited by 63
Laier, C., & Brand, M. (2014) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/10720162.2014.970722 · Cited by 62
Self-citationReduced fiber integrity and cognitive control in adolescents with internet gaming disorder
Xing, L., Yuan, K., Bi, Y., Yin, J., Cai, C., Feng, D., Li, Y., Song, M. K., Wang, H., Yu, D., et al. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.044 · Cited by 62
Δ FosB overexpression in the nucleus accumbens enhances sexual reward in female Syrian hamsters
Hedges, V. L., Chakravarty, S., Nestler, E. J., & Meisel, R. L. (2009) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00491.x · Cited by 62
A selective involvement of putamen functional connectivity in youth with internet gaming disorder
Hong, S., Harrison, B. J., Dandash, O., Choi, E., Kim, S.-C., Kim, H., Shim, D.-H., Kim, C.-D., Kim, J.-W., & Yi, S.-H. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.042 · Cited by 62
Differences in functional connectivity between alcohol dependence and internet gaming disorder
Han, J. W., Han, D. H., Bolo, N. R., Kim, B., Kim, B., & Renshaw, P. F. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.006 · Cited by 60
Molecular and Functional Imaging of Internet Addiction
Zhu, Y., Zhang, H., & Tian, M. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/378675 · Cited by 60
Lu, D. W., Wang, J.-W., & Huang, A. C. W. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0254 · Cited by 60
Psychological predictors of addictive social networking sites use: the case of Serbia
Milošević-Đorđević, J. S., & Žeželj, I. L. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.018 · Cited by 59
Zhang, Y., Crofton, E. J., Li, D., Lobo, M. K., Fan, X., Nestler, E. J., & Green, T. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00297 · Cited by 58
Effects of Internet Addiction on Heart Rate Variability in School-Aged Children
Lin, P., Kuo, S., Lee, P., Sheen, T.-C., & Chen, S. (2013) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e3182a477d5 · Cited by 58
Issues for DSM-5: Video-gaming disorder?
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412464065 · Cited by 54
Sex Attracts: Investigating Individual Differences in Attentional Bias to Sexual Stimuli
Kagerer, S., Wehrum‐Osinsky, S., Klucken, T., Walter, B., Vaitl, D., & Stark, R. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107795 · Cited by 54
Functional neuroanatomical correlates of episodic memory impairment in early phase psychosis
Francis, M., Hummer, T. A., Vohs, J. L., Yung, M. G., Liffick, E., Mehdiyoun, N. F., Radnovich, A. J., McDonald, B. C., Saykin, A. J., & Breier, A. F. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9357-9 · Cited by 53
Functional characteristics of the brain in college students with internet gaming disorder
Liu, J., Li, W., Zhou, S., Zhang, L., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Y., & Li, L. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9364-x · Cited by 52
Sensitivity of the nucleus accumbens to violations in expectation of reward
Spicer, J., Galván, A., Hare, T. A., Voss, H. U., Glover, G. H., & Casey, B. J. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.012 · Cited by 52
Snagowski, J., Wegmann, E., Pekal, J., Laier, C., & Brand, M. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.009 · Cited by 51
Self-citationDopamine Genetics and Function in Food and Substance Abuse
Blum, K. (2013) · Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000121 · Cited by 51
Sun, Y., Sun, J., Zhou, Y., Ding, W., Chen, X., Zhuang, Z., Xu, J., & Du, Y. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-10-37 · Cited by 51
Muschamp, J. W., Nemeth, C. L., Robison, A. J., Nestler, E. J., & Carlezon, W. A. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.011 · Cited by 50
Neuroplasticity in addiction: cellular and transcriptional perspectives
Madsen, H. B., Brown, R. M., & Lawrence, A. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2012.00099 · Cited by 48
Zhu, T., Li, H., Jin, R., Zheng, Z., Luo, Y., Ye, H., & Zhu, H. (2012) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-012-0990-5 · Cited by 47
Zhou, Z., Li, C., & Zhu, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00131 · Cited by 43
Smart Phones, Social Networking, Sexting and Problematic Sexual Behaviors—A Call for Research
Weiss, R., & Samenow, C. P. (2010) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2010.532079 · Cited by 43
Kim, J., Son, J., Choi, W., Kim, Y., Oh, J., Lee, S., & Kim, J. E. (2014) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12154 · Cited by 42
Yau, Y. H. C., Pilver, C. E., Steinberg, M. A., Rugle, L. J., Hoff, R. A., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.003 · Cited by 39
Volkow, N. D., & Muenke, M. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1173-3 · Cited by 39
Downing, M. J., Antebi‐Gruszka, N., & Schrimshaw, E. W. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.007 · Cited by 38
How Sexual Desire Works: The Enigmatic Urge
Toates, F. M. (2014) · Cited by 36
Sexual Excitability and Dysfunctional Coping Determine Cybersex Addiction in Homosexual Males
Laier, C., Pekal, J., & Brand, M. (2015) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0152 · Cited by 34
Self-citationProblematic Internet use in British adolescents: An exploration of the addictive symptomatology
López-Fernández, O., Honrubia-Serrano, M. L., Gibson, W., & Griffiths, M. D. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.042 · Cited by 33
Quiñones, C., & KAKABADSE, N. K. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.004 · Cited by 32
Xue, C., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, Y., Ding, W., Zhuang, Z., Xu, J., & Du, Y. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/825787 · Cited by 30
Zhang, H.-X., Jiang, W.-Q., Lin, Z.-G., Du, Y.-S., & Vance, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063089 · Cited by 30 · cited 1×
“23 structural MRI studies [124,128,131,133,200–218], 6 nuclear imaging (PET/SPECT) studies [117,129,219–222], 15 EEG studies [42,139,141,143,144,146,148,149,150,152–155,223,224], and 7 physiological studies [121,138,225–229].”
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in on-line game addiction
Han, D. H., Lee, Y. S., Shi, X., & Renshaw, P. F. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.007 · Cited by 29
Ruiz-Díaz, M., González, M. H., Guevara, M. Á., Amezcua, C., & Ågmo, A. (2012) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02782.x · Cited by 28
Savage, S. W., Zald, D. H., Cowan, R. L., Volkow, N. D., Marks-Shulman, P. A., Kessler, R. M., Abumrad, N. N., & Dunn, J. P. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20690 · Cited by 27
Physiological Arousal Deficits in Addicted Gamers Differ Based on Preferred Game Genre
Metcalf, O., & Pammer, K. (2013) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000349907 · Cited by 24
Effect of excessive Internet use on the time–frequency characteristic of EEG
Yu, H., Zhao, X., Li, N., Wang, M., & Zhou, P. (2009) · Progress in Natural Science Materials International · doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.11.015 · Cited by 21
Have We Hatched the Addiction Egg: Reward Deficiency Syndrome Solution System™
Downs, B. W. (2013) · Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000136 · Cited by 21
Blum, K., Giordano, J., Morse, S. A., Liu, Y., Tan, J., Bowirrat, A., Smolen, A., Waite, R., Madigan, M. A., Kerner, M. M., et al. (2010) · Cited by 19
Δ JunD overexpression in the nucleus accumbens prevents sexual reward in female Syrian hamsters
Been, L. E., Hedges, V. L., Vialou, V., Nestler, E. J., & Meisel, R. L. (2013) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12060 · Cited by 19
Weinstein, A. M., & Lejoyeux, M. (2013) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12110.x · Cited by 18
Exposure to sexualized media content and selective attention for sexual cues: An experimental study
Doornwaard, S. M., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Johnson, A., & ter Bogt, T. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.037 · Cited by 15
Decreased frontal lobe function in people with Internet addiction disorder.
Liu, J., Esmail, F., Li, L., Kou, Z., Li, W.-H., Gao, X., Wang, Z., Tan, C., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, S. (2013) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.34.006 · Cited by 12
Reid, R. C., Carpenter, B. N., & FONG, T. W. (2011) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.4103/2152-7806.81427 · Cited by 12
[Functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain of college students with internet addiction].
Du, W., Liu, J., Gao, X., Li, L., Li, W., Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, S. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2011.08.008 · Cited by 12
‘High desire’, or ‘merely’ an addiction? A response to Steele et al.
Hilton, D. L. (2014) · Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology · doi:10.3402/snp.v4.23833 · Cited by 10
Gearhardt, A. N., Boswell, R. G., & Potenza, M. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45378-6_4 · Cited by 10
Neuronal and psychological underpinnings of pathological gambling
Singer, B. F., Anselme, P., Robinson, M. J. F., & Vezina, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00230 · Cited by 8
Decreased frontal lobe function in people with Internet addiction disorder
Jun, J., Liu, Fatema, Esmail, Lingjiang, -, L., Zhifeng, KOU, K., Weihui, Xue-ping, et al. (2013) · 中国神经再生研究：英文版 · Cited by 7
[A voxel-based morphometric analysis of brain gray matter in online game addicts].
Weng, C., Qian, R., Fu, X.-M., Lin, B., Ji, X., Niu, C., & Wang, Y. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 6
[The effect of excessive internet use on N400 event-related potentials].
Yu, H., Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Li, N., & Wang, M. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Internet Addiction： Just Facebook Me! The Role of Social Networking Sites in Internet Addiction
Carrie, & Carmody (2012) · 计算机技术与应用：英文 · Cited by 4
SY20-4 * VIRTUAL REALITY THERAPY FOR INTERNET GAMING DISORDER
Kim, S. M., & Han, D. H. (2014) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agu052.88 · Cited by 2
[Influence of excessive internet use on auditory event-related potential].
Zhao, X., Yu, H., Zhan, Q., & Wang, M. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Choi, J. (2014) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agu052.38 · Cited by 1
Jung, Y., Lee, S., Chun, J., & Kim, D. J. (2014) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agu054.72 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Tinbergen, N. (1989). The Study of Instinct, Clarendon Press.
- Ge, 2011, P300 change and cognitive behavioral therapy in subjects with Internet addiction disorder: A 3-month follow-up study, Neur. Reg. Res., 6, 2037
- Gola, 2015, Increased sensitivity to erotic reward cues in subjects with compulsive sexual behaviors, J. Behav. Addict., 4, 16
- Brand, 2015, Cybersex addiction is correlated with ventral striatum activity when watching preferred pornographic pictures, J. Behav. Addict., 4, 9
- Klucken, 2015, Neural and subjective responses in patients with excessive pornography consumption, J. Behav. Addict., 4, 42
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lissak, G. (2018) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015 · Cited by 1,024
Online Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don’t—A Systematic Review
de Alarcón, R., de la Iglesia, J., Casado‐Espada, N. M., & Montejo, A. L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8010091 · Cited by 306
Brand, M., Snagowski, J., Laier, C., & Maderwald, S. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.033 · Cited by 198
Self-citationIs internet pornography causing sexual dysfunctions? A review with clinical reports
Park, B., Wilson, G., Berger, J., Christman, M., Reina, B., Bishop, F., Klam, W., & Doan, A. (2016) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs6030017 · Cited by 187
Stark, R. M., Klucken, T., Potenza, M. N., Brand, M., & Strahler, J. (2018) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-018-0162-9 · Cited by 193
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Love, T., Laier, C., Brand, M., Hatch, L., & Hajela, R.
- Affiliations
- Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health, Ardmore, PA 19003, USA
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DE)
- Private Practice, Santa Barbara, CA 93103, USA
- American Society of Addiction Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Love, Todd
- Venue
- Behavioral Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-09-18
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 388-433
- ISSN
- 2076-328X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4600144
- OpenAlex
- W1910854322
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 319
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Behavioral Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DuEPublico (University of Duisburg-Essen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- internet addiction, internet gaming disorder, behavioral addiction, substance addiction, reward systems, addiction models, neurobiology of addiction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
