“Your Addiction, her Sexual Suffering”—A Qualitative Inquiry into the Effects of Compulsive Sexual Behaviors on Intimate Female Partners

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Sexual addiction is characterized by excessive and intrusive sexual fantasies and thoughts, as well as a loss of control over one's sexual behavior.

“Sexual addiction is characterized by excessive and intrusive sexual fantasies and thoughts, as well as a loss of control over one's sexual behavior (Caponnetto et al., 2022;Carnes, 2015).”

• cites Caponnetto et al., 2022 sourceSupported
• cites Carnes, 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Recent studies indicate that compulsive sexual arousal may be addictive and hazardous to otherwise healthy people because it has neurological effects on the brain comparable to those of drugs.

“Recent studies indicate that compulsive sexual arousal may be addictive and hazardous to otherwise healthy people because it has neurological effects on the brain that are comparable to those of drugs (Love et al., 2015;Nestler, 2005;Phillips et al., 2015;Reisman, 2004;Voon et al., 2014).”

• cites Love et al., 2015 sourcePartly supported

  The Neurobiology of Addictive Behaviors section reports overlapping sexual-cue and drug-cue brain responses in people with compulsive sexual behavior. It also reports correlations between pornography use and brain measures in healthy men. These passages support possible addiction-like neurological effects, but they do not establish that compulsive sexual arousal is hazardous to otherwise healthy people because of those effects; the review chiefly discusses compulsive sexual behavior and internet pornography use. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Nestler, 2005 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Voon et al., 2014 sourcePartly supported

  The Discussion reports overlapping networks for sexual-cue reactivity in people with compulsive sexual behaviour and drug-cue reactivity in people with drug addictions. The Introduction says compulsive sexual behaviour may have significant health consequences, but the Discussion says its classification as an addiction remains unresolved and the study cannot establish causality. The findings concern a subgroup with compulsive behaviour, not a hazard demonstrated in otherwise healthy people. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Higher levels of intimacy are linked to greater levels of sexual desire and participation.

“Moreover, higher levels of intimacy are also linked to greater levels of sexual desire and participation (Basson, 2000;Van Lankveld et al., 2018).”

• cites Basson, 2000 sourcePartly supported

  In ‘The Need for a Different Model’ (page unavailable), Basson describes anticipated intimacy as a motivation for sexual activity and emotional closeness as a reward that can motivate future sexual encounters. The paper does not establish that higher existing levels of intimacy are associated with correspondingly greater sexual desire and participation; its account concerns responsive desire in women, particularly in longer-term relationships. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Van Lankveld et al., 2018 sourceSupported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Sexual dysfunction affects an estimated 43% of women and 31% of men.

“According to Babakhani et al. (2018) and Rosen (2000), sexual dysfunction affects an estimated 43% of women and 31% of men.”

• cites Babakhani et al. (2018) sourceCould not verify

  The Introduction (page unavailable) reports several prevalence estimates, including 31% for sexual disorders in an investigation, but does not identify that figure as applying to men. A search for the paired 43%-of-women and 31%-of-men estimates found no passage supporting either gender-specific figure in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Rosen (2000) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The supplementary group of 15 counselor participants was recruited to conduct triangulation and enhance the reliability of the research.

“The supplementary group was recruited to conduct triangulation and enhance the reliability of the research (Creswell, 2015;Fusch et al., 2018).”

• cites Creswell, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Fusch et al., 2018 sourcePartly supported

  The ‘Qualitative Research and Triangulation’ section says that triangulating multiple data sources can enhance the reliability of study results. The paper does not report the citing study’s recruitment of a supplementary group of 15 counselors, so it supports the methodological rationale but not that study-specific detail. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Good physical and mental health tends to make a relationship more enjoyable and improve a person's capacity to deal with stress and other challenges in life more effectively.

“Additionally, good physical and mental health tends to make a relationship more enjoyable and improve a person's capacity to deal with stress and other challenges in life more effectively (Asadi et al., 2020).”

• cites Asadi et al., 2020 sourcePartly supported

  The Introduction (page not supplied) says sexual activity is a sign of physical and mental health and can bring couples mutual pleasure and help people cope with stress. The claim shifts those benefits from sexual activity to good physical and mental health, a causal link the passage does not state. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Data were analyzed using Sundler et al. (2019) methodological processes and meeting Husserl's (1960) philosophical requirements.

“The data in this study were analyzed using Sundler et al. (2019) methodological processes and meeting Husserl's (1960) philosophical requirements.”

• cites Sundler et al. (2019) sourceSupported
• cites Husserl's (1960) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Sexual desire begins to evolve and blossom from birth in response to an individual's growth before manifesting as actual sexual behaviors.

“From the time of birth, the phenomenon of sexual desire begins to evolve and blossom in response to an individual's growth before manifesting as actual sexual behaviors (Asadi et al., 2020).”

• cites Asadi et al., 2020 sourceSupported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Several biological, psychological, and social factors have an impact on the numerous facets of sexual behavior.

“Similar to other human instinctive urges, several biological, psychological, and social factors have an impact on the numerous facets of sexual behavior (Babakhani et al., 2018;Brotto et al., 2011).”

• cites Babakhani et al., 2018 sourceSupported
• cites Brotto et al., 2011 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Through semi-structured interviews with female partners (n = 12) and therapists (n = 15), the study reveals significant sexual and emotional challenges, including shifting between hyposexuality and hypersexuality, reduced sexual desire, and emotional intimacy loss.

“Through semi-structured interviews with both female partners (n = 12) and therapists (n = 15), the study reveals significant sexual and emotional challenges, including shifting between hyposexuality and hypersexuality, reduced sexual desire, and emotional intimacy loss.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The sexual and emotional challenges reported by female partners are attributable to their male partners' SA/CSB rather than to other individual or relational factors.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Female partners can accurately recall and report their lived sexual experiences following discovery/disclosure.

May combine two claims.

Although some women initially engaged in transient hypersexual engagements as a form of trauma response, most women tended to develop aversions to sexual intimacy.

“In summary, although some women initially engaged in transient hypersexual engagements as a form of trauma response, most women tended to develop aversions to sexual intimacy.”

May combine two claims.

The transient hypersexual state was perplexing and a source of re-traumatisation for many women who engaged in it.

“Based on the shared narratives, this transient state was perplexing and a source of re-traumatisation for many women who engaged in it.”

May combine two claims.

The lack of safety in sexual intimacy induced by the damaging nature of the discovery/disclosure of secretive compulsive behaviors had a severe impact on interpersonal relationships and had seriously distressed all women.

“This was supported by the study's findings, which showed that the lack of safety in sexual intimacy induced by the damaging nature of the discovery/ disclosure of secretive compulsive behaviors had a severe impact on interpersonal relationships and had seriously distressed all women.”

May combine two claims.

Affected women expressed stress over being compared to other people their men had maintained interactions with or to viewed pornographic images, fear and shame about contracting STIs or otherwise endangering their health, self-doubt about their body image, and fear of being judged by others.

“Additionally, affected women expressed stress over being compared to other people their men had maintained interactions with or to the viewed pornographic images, fear and shame about contracting STIs or otherwise endangering their health, self-doubt about their body image, and fear of being judged by others.”

May combine two claims.

BT resulted in emotional numbness, trust issues, diminished self-esteem, triggered anxiety and/or depression, and led to lower libido in the majority of impacted partners.

“Based on the shared narratives of the impacted women, BT resulted in emotional numbness, trust issues, diminished self-esteem, triggered anxiety and/or depression, and led to lower libido in the majority of impacted partners (Weiss, 2019;Seyed Aghamiri, 2023).”

• cites Weiss, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Seyed Aghamiri, 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Infidelity was connected to all types of SA/CSBs and involved both online and offline interactions, as well as secrecy, lying, and, for some, the possibility of bringing disease into the relationship and endangering the unwary partner's physical health.

“According to the shared narratives, infidelity was connected to all types of SA/CSBs and involved both online and offline interactions, as well as secrecy, lying, and, for some, the possibility of bringing disease into the relationship and endangering the unwary partner's physical health.”

May combine two claims.

The BT experienced by the female partners impinged on their sexuality and triggered different expressions of sexual dysfunction, with all 12 (100%) reporting negative sexual implications.

“which had impinged on their sexuality and triggered different expressions of sexual dysfunction.”

• Also stated in: § 4.3. Sexual dysfunction and transient hypersexuality · plain

  “All twelve (100%) primary participants of this study reported negative sexual implications concerning BT.”

• Also stated in: § 5. Discussion · plain

  “All (100%) of the affected female partners reported developing sexual dysfunctions as a result, including lack of sexual desire, loss of sexual pleasure and openness, fear and detachment during intimate sexual interaction, and sexual ambiguity, among other effects.”

May combine two claims.

All relational trust was disrupted by SA/CSB-related deception, especially because the deception had appeared prolonged and revealed the truth about a male partner who had suddenly turned into a stranger.

“All relational trust was disrupted by SA/CSB-related deception, especially because the deception had appeared prolonged and revealed the truth about a male partner who had suddenly turned into a stranger.”

May combine two claims.

Some affected women reported temporary hypersexuality with the offending partner after learning about their mates' SA or CSB, which in 75% of cases heightened their distress, shame, and re-traumatisation.

“Furthermore, some affected women reported temporary hypersexuality with the offending partner after learning about their mates' SA or CSB, which in 75% of cases heightened their distress, shame, and re-traumatisation.”

May combine two claims.

Transient hypersexuality was reported by female partners and observed by one counselor.

“Figure 2. transient hypersexuality reported by female partners and observed by one counselor (Nvivo 12).”

May combine two claims.

Lack of sexual freedom meant having involuntary and disquieting mental images of the partner watching pornography or engaging sexually with others and the inability to erase these mental triggers during sexual intimacy.

“Lack of sexual freedom meant having involuntary and disquieting mental images of the partner watching pornography or engaging sexually with others and the inability to erase these mental triggers during sexual intimacy.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The participants came from various socioeconomic backgrounds and lived in different parts of Australia.

“The participants in this study came from various socioeconomic backgrounds and lived in different parts of Australia.”

May combine two claims.

SA/CSB negatively affect relationships and daily functioning, often leading to serious consequences such as fractured relationships, divorce, sexual promiscuity, substance abuse, and mental health problems.

“These behaviors negatively affect relationships and daily functioning, often leading to serious consequences such as fractured relationships, divorce, sexual promiscuity, substance abuse, and mental health problems (Carnes & Adams, 2019;Seyed Aghamiri et al., 2022a, 2022b;Seyed Aghamiri & Luetz, 2021, 2023).”

• cites Carnes & Adams, 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Seyed Aghamiri et al., 2022aNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Seyed Aghamiri & Luetz, 2021 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Although SA/CSB is not gender-exclusive, it predominantly affects heterosexual men.

“Although SA/CSB is not gender-exclusive, it predominantly affects heterosexual men (Hall, 2016), which explains and justifies the heteronormative focus of this article.”

• cites Hall, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

This multi-year empirical research is the first study in Australia to investigate the lived experiences of female partners upon learning of their mates' CSBs in depth.

“This multi-year empirical research is the first study in Australia to investigate the lived experiences of female partners upon learning of their mates' CSBs in depth.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Impacted female partners have not yet been sufficiently heard concerning their lived experiences.

“Importantly, impacted female partners have not yet been sufficiently heard concerning their lived experiences.”

May combine two claims.

Female partners of men with SA/CSB often experience sexual dysfunction, including diminished desire and heightened anxiety, and sometimes brief hypersexual behavior as a maladaptive trauma response.

“Female partners often experience sexual dysfunction, including diminished desire and heightened anxiety, sometimes leading to brief hypersexual behavior as a maladaptive trauma response (Minwalla, 2021a(Minwalla, , 2021b;;Weiss, 2019;Basson, 2001;Basson, 2005;Basson & Gilks, 2018;Carnes, 2018;Keffer, 2019).”

• cites Minwalla, 2021aNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Weiss, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Keffer, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Discovering a partner's concealed SA/CSB may lead to betrayal trauma (BT), which can mirror symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as confusion, shock, and hypervigilance.

“Notably, discovering a partner's concealed SA/CSB may lead to betrayal trauma (BT), which can mirror symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as confusion, shock, and hypervigilance (Black & Tripodi, 2012;Schneider et al., 2012;Stokes et al., 2020).”

• cites Black & Tripodi, 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Schneider et al., 2012 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Stokes et al., 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

SA/CSB is linked to physical effects on both the individual and their partners, including a lower level of sexual protection and frequent sexual partners, as well as a higher risk of contracting STIs like HIV, Hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and gonorrhea.

“Additionally, SA/CSB is linked to some physical effects on both the individual and their partners, including a lower level of sexual protection and frequent sexual partners (Carnes, 1991;Kalichman et al., 1997;Weiss, 2019), as well as a higher risk of contracting STIs like HIV, Hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and gonorrhea (Carnes, 1991(Carnes, , 2000;;Kalichman & Cain, 2004;Parsons et al., 2012).”

• cites Carnes, 1991Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Kalichman et al., 1997 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Weiss, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

No other research has expressly invited women's views in this area over time and in depth.

“Although other studies have uncovered some of the sexual repercussions of infidelity, relational betrayal, and, to a lesser extent, BT associated with SA/CSB, no other research has expressly invited women's views in this area over time and in depth.”

May combine two claims.

BT-affected women may experience loss of sexual desire, arousal, ability to climax, feeling unloved, sexual ambiguity/uncertainty, loss of sexual freedom and pleasure, sexual shutting down, aversion to touch, fear and anxiety, including temporary hypersexuality.

“Furthermore, BT-affected women may experience loss of sexual desire, arousal, ability to climax, feeling unloved (Bergner & Bridges, 2002;Schneider, 2003), sexual ambiguity/ sexual uncertainty, loss of sexual freedom and pleasure, sexual shutting down, aversion to touch, fear and anxiety (Bradford & Meston, 2006), including temporary hypersexuality (Weiss, 2021)-all of which are comparable to the”

• cites Bergner & Bridges, 2002 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Bradford & Meston, 2006 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Weiss, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

SA/CSBs have been characterized in the literature as abusive toward the impacted partner.

“Finally, there are several ways in which SA/CSBs have been characterized in the literature as abusive toward the impacted partner (Carnes, 2018;Minwalla, 2021aMinwalla, , 2021b;;Seyed Aghamiri, 2023).”

• cites Carnes, 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Minwalla, 2021aNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Seyed Aghamiri, 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The condition SA/CSB is typically rooted in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as a history of trauma, a dysfunctional family system or abuse.

“The condition is typically rooted in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as a history of trauma, a dysfunctional family system or abuse, among others (Carnes, 2015;Weiss, 2021).”

• cites Carnes, 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Weiss, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and sexual addiction (SA) are hypersexual conditions involving compulsive, risky, and uncontrollable sexual behaviors.

“Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and sexual addiction (SA) are hypersexual conditions involving compulsive, risky, and uncontrollable sexual behaviors (Grubbs et al., 2020;Reid & Kafka, 2014).”

• cites Grubbs et al., 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Reid & Kafka, 2014 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

BT is the social component of trauma that results from a betrayal by an attachment figure such as a caregiver or intimate partner.

“Betrayal trauma (BT) is the social component of trauma that results from a betrayal by an attachment figure such as a caregiver or intimate partner (Freyd, 1996(Freyd, , 2008)).”

• cites Freyd, 1996Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Freyd, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

No other peer-reviewed study has expressly permitted women to freely and meaningfully reveal the true essence of their lived experiences-specifically, their sexual experiences-after learning about their partner's SA/CSB.

“No other peer-reviewed study has expressly permitted women to freely and meaningfully reveal the true essence of their lived experiences-specifically, their sexual experiences-after learning about their partner's SA/CSB.”

May combine two claims.

Other negative impacts on female intimate partners include a higher risk of shame and emotional and physical abandonment.

“Furthermore, other negative impacts on female intimate partners include a higher risk of shame (Cohn, 2014) and emotional and physical abandonment (Dodge et al., 2004).”

• cites Cohn, 2014 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Dodge et al., 2004 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Following trauma, the most prevalent type of sexual dysfunction is hyposexuality; scant information exists regarding hyposexuality and its impact on trauma sufferers.

“Following trauma, the most prevalent type of sexual dysfunction is hyposexuality; still, scant information exists regarding hyposexuality and its impact on trauma sufferers (Nowak et al., 2023).”

• cites Nowak et al., 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Women have a variety of motivations for choosing to engage in or forego partnered sex, with emotional intimacy between partners emerging as one of the most important.

“According to research, women have a variety of motivations for choosing to engage in or forego partnered sex, with emotional intimacy between partners emerging as one of the most important (Meston & Buss, 2007;Seyed Aghamiri, 2023).”

• cites Meston & Buss, 2007 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Seyed Aghamiri, 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Women and men experience infidelity differently, with infidelity eliciting stronger reactions in women than in men, regardless of sexual orientation.

“According to several studies, women and men experience infidelity differently, with infidelity eliciting stronger reactions in women than in men, regardless of sexual orientation.”

• cites Bozoyan & Schmiedeberg, 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites DeSteno et al., 2006 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Leeker & Carlozzi, 2014 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Partners frequently dread having sex or lack the ability to engage in it.

“Partners frequently dread having sex or lack the ability to engage in it (Keffer, 2019).”

• cites Keffer, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

SA/CSB-related BT has a multitude of repercussions, one of which is the decline of sexual intimacy.

“However, the SA/CSB-related BT has a multitude of repercussions, one of which is the decline of sexual intimacy, which, for many individuals, represents the deepest and most sacred bond between two people (Hall, 2016;Weiss, 2019).”

• cites Hall, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Weiss, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Women who experience the prospect of broken relationships due to BT are six times more likely to be diagnosed with a major depressive episode and are more likely to express greater generalized anxiety.

“Women who experience the prospect of broken relationships due to BT are six times more likely to be diagnosed with a major depressive episode and are more likely to express greater generalized anxiety, according to research (Cano & O'Leary, 2000;Skinner, 2017).”

• cites Cano & O'Leary, 2000 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Skinner, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

BT brought on by SA/CSB infidelity may harm the relationship and the partners' overall emotional health, resulting in aggravated depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem, which collectively have detrimental cascading effects on their sexual desire or arousal.

“The BT brought on by SA/CSB infidelity may not only harm the relationship, which could lead to relationship breakdown, but it may also harm the partners' overall emotional health, resulting in, among other things, aggravated depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem (Bozoyan & Schmiedeberg, 2023), which collectively have detrimental cascading effects on their sexual desire or arousal.”

• cites Bozoyan & Schmiedeberg, 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Psychological difficulties associated with BT include PTSD as well as hostility, rage, insecurity, rejection, fear, betrayal, paranoia, melancholy, loneliness, perplexity, and jealousy.

“These psychological difficulties include PTSD as well as hostility, rage, insecurity, rejection, fear, betrayal, paranoia, melancholy, loneliness, perplexity, and jealousy (Warach & Josephs, 2021).”

• cites Warach & Josephs, 2021 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to Carnes (2018), this type of trauma bonding is a compulsive relationship and connection with obvious compulsive behavior patterns that typically happens when an injured person bonds to someone who represents a threat, unsafeness, exploitation, or sense of dread.

“According to Carnes (2018), this type of trauma bonding is a compulsive relationship and connection with obvious compulsive behavior patterns that typically happens when an injured person bonds to someone who represents a threat, unsafeness, exploitation, or sense of dread.”

• cites Carnes (2018)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Research ethics approval was obtained through the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) at Alphacrucis University College (AC).

“Research ethics approval was obtained through the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) at Alphacrucis University College (AC).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Lack of research on this subject may be caused by the shame, guilt, or humiliation affected partners may feel because of their behavior, which makes them hesitant to bring up the issue.

“Lack of research on this subject may be caused by the shame, guilt, or humiliation affected partners may feel because of their behavior, which makes them hesitant to bring up the issue (Skinner, 2020;Minwalla, 2011Minwalla, , 2014)).”

• cites Skinner, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Minwalla, 2011Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Minwalla, 2014Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to Keffer (2019), heightened transient hypersexuality is a trauma response and an attempt to maintain the relationship with the male partner.

“According to Keffer (2019), heightened transient hypersexuality is a trauma response and an attempt to maintain the relationship with the male partner.”

• cites Keffer (2019)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

In this circumstance, individuals crave more sex, engage in more imaginative sexual experimentation, and have greater verbal interaction during sex.

“In this circumstance, individuals crave more sex, engage in more imaginative sexual experimentation, and have greater verbal interaction during sex (Skinner, 2017).”

• cites Skinner, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

BT in this context seemingly contributes to mental health difficulties and may be precipitated by the discovery/disclosure of an intimate partner's SA/CSB.

“Betrayal trauma in this context seemingly contributes to mental health difficulties and may be precipitated by the discovery/disclosure of an intimate partner's SA/CSB.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Peer-reviewed literature on BT and transient hypersexuality is evidently scarce.

“Peer-reviewed literature on this topic, however, is evidently scarce.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Keffer said that transitory hypersexuality is merely a maladaptive coping method for dealing with the mixed and negative emotions caused by BT and a way to offer and meet the partner's sexual desires and/or compete with intrusive images.

“Keffer went on to say that transitory hypersexuality is merely a maladaptive coping method for dealing with the mixed and negative emotions caused by BT and a way to offer and meet the partner's sexual desires and/or compete with intrusive images.”

• cites Keffer (2019)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Although infidelity has occurred, there is still a fear of disconnection and losing that person.

“Although infidelity has occurred, there is still a fear of disconnection and losing that person (Carnes, 2015).”

• cites Carnes, 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

For the women, engaging in transitory hypersexual behaviors constituted a form of trauma bonding that appeared to signify re-attachment and a form of out-competing individuals with whom their male partner had engaged sexually, or of out-competing intrusive sexual images.

“For the women, engaging in transitory hypersexual behaviors constituted a form of trauma bonding that appeared to signify re-attachment and a form of out-competing individuals with whom their male partner had engaged sexually, or of out-competing intrusive sexual images.”

May combine two claims.

SA/CSB appears to be associated with a high rate of infidelity in relationships and contributes to careless attitudes toward sexual conduct.

“Moreover, based on the findings, SA/CSB appears to be associated with a high rate of infidelity in relationships and contributes to careless attitudes toward sexual conduct.”

May combine two claims.

Engaging in hypersexual activities seemingly meant feeling good enough or, in some cases, gratifying their partner's sexual demands to prevent them from seeking external sexual pleasure.

“Furthermore, engaging in hypersexual activities seemingly meant feeling good enough or, in some cases, gratifying their partner's sexual demands to prevent them from seeking external sexual pleasure.”

May combine two claims.

According to Carnes and O'Connor (2016), sexual difficulties are strongly correlated with broken trust, body image problems, and feeling obligated to engage in sexual activity with male partners.

“According to Carnes and O'Connor (2016), sexual difficulties are strongly correlated with broken trust, body image problems, and feeling obligated to engage in sexual activity with male partners.”

• cites Carnes and O'Connor (2016) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Some betrayed women suffer numbness, emptiness, and lack of desire for sex and are appalled by the thought of having sex with their partner; in some cases, they may have transient hypersexual experiences as a BT response.

“While some betrayed women suffer numbness, emptiness, and lack of desire for sex and are appalled by the thought of having sex with their partner, in some cases, they may have transient hypersexual experiences (Seyed Aghamiri, 2023) as a BT response.”

• cites Seyed Aghamiri, 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

This qualitative study recruited a comparatively larger number of participants (n = 27) who were purposely selected to allow for in-depth investigation and understanding of a phenomenon.

“Although an appropriately small sample size is required for in-depth phenomenology research (Creswell, 2015), this qualitative study recruited a comparatively larger number of participants (n = 27) who were purposely selected to allow for in-depth investigation and understanding of a phenomenon (Patton, 2002).”

• cites Creswell, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Patton, 2002 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The study was approved by the Alphacrucis Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC no.EC00466) on 31 August 2020 (participant group 1: female partners) and 1 June 2021 (participant group 2: therapists).

“The study was approved by the Alphacrucis Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC no.EC00466) on 31 August 2020 (participant group 1: female partners) and 1 June 2021 (participant group 2: therapists).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Identifying differences in the emotional, relational, and sexual impacts of discovery versus disclosure of CSBs in an intimate relationship was outside the scope of this research.

“For example, identifying differences in the emotional, relational, and sexual impacts of discovery versus disclosure of CSBs in an intimate relationship was outside the scope of this research.”

May combine two claims.

The impacted women's involvement in hypersexuality with their male partners was a form of trauma bonding and a trauma response.

“The impacted women's involvement in hypersexuality with their male partners was a form of trauma bonding and a trauma response.”

May combine two claims.

Women who are impacted by their men's SA/CSB typically experience a loss of sexual freedom, which results in hyposexuality, brief bouts of hypersexuality with the offending partner, and uncontrollable and unsettling mental triggers during intimate moments.

“Women who are impacted by their men's SA/CSB typically experience a loss of sexual freedom, which results in hyposexuality, brief bouts of hypersexuality with the offending partner, and uncontrollable and unsettling mental triggers during intimate moments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The findings point to under-recognized opportunities for different stakeholder groups in areas of both policy and therapeutic practice.

“In summary, the findings point to under-recognized opportunities for different stakeholder groups in areas of both policy and therapeutic practice.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The research was limited to recruiting only participants who had been in an exclusive, committed relationship for a minimum of 12 months.

“(5) the research was limited to recruiting only participants who had been in an exclusive, committed relationship for a minimum of 12 months.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

“The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This multi-year descriptive phenomenological research is the first study in Australia to investigate the lived experiences of female partners upon learning of their mates' CSBs in depth.

“This multi-year descriptive phenomenological research is the first study in Australia to investigate the lived experiences of female partners upon learning of their mates' CSBs in depth.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The literature characterizes trauma bonding as a high-stakes, explicit, and very emotional sexual interaction between two people.

“The literature characterizes this kind of behavior as trauma bonding, a high-stakes, explicit, and very emotional sexual interaction between two people.”

• cites Spring, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The research did not investigate alternative sociolinguistic or geodemographic contexts.

“(4) the research did not investigate alternative sociolinguistic or geodemographic contexts;”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Romantic relationships are frequently a source of great joy, health, and fulfillment, but they may also lead to tension, sadness, and, in some cases, trauma.

“Romantic relationships are frequently a source of great joy, health, and fulfillment (Blycker, 2023), but they may also lead to tension, sadness, and, in some cases, trauma (Keffer, 2019;Minwalla, 2014;Steffens & Means, 2017).”

• cites Blycker, 2023 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Keffer, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Minwalla, 2014Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Schneider (2003) reported that only 34% of the partners of men who had engaged in online CSB/cybersex had decreased sexual interest.

“This differs from the findings of Schneider (2003), who reported that only 34% of the partners of men who had engaged in online CSB/cybersex had decreased sexual interest.”

• cites Schneider (2003) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Effective 1 January 2024, the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research 2007 (updated 2018) has been revoked and updated, whereupon the study applied the ethical guidance from the 2023 National Statement.

“Effective 1 January 2024, the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research 2007 (updated 2018) has been revoked and updated, whereupon the study applied the ethical guidance from the 2023 National Statement”

• cites 2023 National StatementNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

“Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007).

“This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007)”

• cites National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Commitment and fidelity are usually necessary for the success and endurance of an intimate relationship.

“It is commonly accepted that commitment and fidelity are usually necessary for the success and endurance of an intimate relationship, whether or not this is expressly stated in a contract (Hall, 2016).”

• cites Hall, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

Various points of view remain unexplored as a consequence of the study's limitations.

“In consequence, various points of view remain unexplored.”

May combine two claims.

To date, few studies have investigated this area, and the sparse available research has only scratched the surface in terms of both breadth and depth.

“To date, few studies have investigated this area.The sparse available research on this subject has only scratched the surface in terms of both breadth and depth (Carnes, 2018;Glass, 2007;Spring, 2020).”

• cites Carnes, 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Glass, 2007Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Spring, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The current study included semi-structured open-ended questions that allowed female participants to delve deep into this topic and freely express and elaborate on their lived experiences.

“The current study included semi-structured open-ended questions that allowed female participants to delve deep into this topic and freely express and elaborate on their lived experiences.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

SA/CSB was not examined via the perspective of men.

“(3) SA/CSB was not examined via the perspective of men”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Field notes and reflection journalling were used to better understand the data.

“This process necessitated field notes and reflection journalling to better understand the data.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Professional therapists' perspectives played a supplementary role (triangulation method) that verified the shared narratives and experiences.

“During data analyses, the priority was intentionally given to honor the female partners' voices, with the perspectives of professional therapists playing a supplementary role (triangulation method) that verified the shared narratives and experiences.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Interview questions were pre-tested with academics, counselors, pastors, and couples affected by SA/CSB and refined several times before the interviews.

“Further, before conducting the interviews, all interview questions were pre-tested with several academics, counselors, pastors, and couples affected by SA/CSB.This led to the questions being updated, redeveloped, and refined several times.”