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Cited by 331Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCancer Risks and FactorsImmune cells in cancer

Obesity-Induced TNFα and IL-6 Signaling: The Missing Link between Obesity and Inflammation—Driven Liver and Colorectal Cancers

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Kern, Lara, Mittenbühler, Melanie, Vesting, Anna, Ostermann, Anna, Wunderlich, Claudia, Wunderlich, F.·2018·Cancers
DOI 10.3390/cancers11010024PMC PMC6356226
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Abstract

Obesity promotes the development of numerous cancers, such as liver and colorectal cancers, which is at least partly due to obesity-induced, chronic, low-grade inflammation. In particular, the recruitment and activation of immune cell subsets in the white adipose tissue systemically increase proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These proinflammatory cytokines not only impair insulin action in metabolic tissues, but also favor cancer development. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on how obesity affects inflammatory TNFα and IL-6 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancers.

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  • The enlargement of adipose tissue in obesity induces mechanical stress, ER stress and hypoxia in adipocytes, resulting in the release of free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα and chemokines, suggesting activation of the IL-6 Amp.

    “The enlargement of adipose tissue in obesity induces mechanical stress, ER stress and hypoxia in adipocytes, resulting in the release of free fatty acids (FFAs) and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα and chemokines (303–305), suggesting activation of the IL-6 Amp.”

    From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [304]

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  • Obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and is closely related with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and T2D, and some cancers, such as breast, liver and colon cancers.

    “Obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and is closely related with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and T2D and some cancers, such as breast, liver and colon cancers (233, 302–304).”

    From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [304]

    Section 1, “Obesity-Induced Inflammation Impairs Insulin Action” (page unavailable), describes obesity-driven chronic low-grade inflammation and its effects on insulin sensitivity. Section 7, “Obesity-Induced Inflammation and CRC” (page unavailable), reports a strong association between obesity and colorectal cancer; the paper also discusses liver cancer. The passages do not establish the claimed associations with cardiovascular disease or breast cancer, and they address insulin resistance rather than directly establishing the T2D association. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • These events recruit macrophages, which further produce IL-6 and TNFα, major players involved in obesity-induced low-grade inflammation and cancer development.

    “Consistently, these events recruit macrophages, which further produce IL-6 and TNFα, major players involved in obesity-induced low-grade inflammation and cancer development (303, 304).”

    From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [304]

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Authors
Kern, L., Mittenbühler, M., Vesting, A., Ostermann, A., Wunderlich, C., & Wunderlich, F.
Affiliations
Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research (DE)
Corresponding author
Wunderlich, F.
ORCID
Venue
Cancers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-12-27
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
24
ISSN
2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/cancers11010024
PMC
PMC6356226
OpenAlex
W2907317928
Cited by
331
References
218
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 13
FWCI
2.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cancers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Deutsche Krebshilfe (111345)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
obesity, TNF signaling, IL-6 signaling, low-grade inflammation, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, white adipose tissue, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, carcinogenesis

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