Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review
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The depletion of fossil fuel has drawn growing attention towards the utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable energy production. Technologies for the production of algae derived biofuel has attracted wide attention in recent years. Direct thermochemical conversion of algae obtained biocrude oil with poor fuel quality due to the complex composition of algae. Thus, catalysts are required in such process to remove the heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic systems for the direct catalytic conversion of algae, as well as catalytic upgrading of algae-derived oil or biocrude into liquid fuels with high quality. Heterogeneous catalysts with high activity in deoxygenation and denitrogenation are preferable for the conversion of algae oil to high-grade liquid fuel. The paper summarized the influence of reaction parameters and reaction routes for the catalytic conversion process of algae from critical literature. The development of new catalysts, conversion conditions, and efficiency indicators (yields and selectivity) from different literature are presented and compared. The future prospect and challenges in general utilization of algae are also proposed.
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The use of alkaline catalysts reduces the deposition of char while increasing the yield and strength of the oil.
“The use of alkaline catalysts reduces the deposition of char while increasing the yield and strength of the oil [58].”
From Thermal Analysis Technologies for Biomass Feedstocks: A State-of-the-Art Review (2021) · cites this paper as [58]
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Biocrude—A ‘Carbon Copy’ of the Conventional Crude
Badgujar, Y., Ajgaonkar, N., & Pawar, H. S. (2026) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-9528-0_8
- Authors
- Zhou, Y., & Hu, C.
- Affiliations
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Changwei
- Venue
- Catalysts
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-01-21
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145
- ISSN
- 2073-4344 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3002422269
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Catalysts (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21536007)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Keywords
- algae, algal oil, biocrude, catalytic upgrading, thermochemical conversion, heterogeneous catalysts, deoxygenation, denitrogenation, desulfurization, liquid fuels, biofuels, renewable biomass
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