Cited by 795Extracellular vesicles in diseaseMesenchymal stem cell researchHealthcare and Venom Research

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and other extracellular vesicles as new remedies in the therapy of inflammatory diseases

Open access
Harrell, Carl Randall, Jovicic, Nemanja, Djonov, Valentin, Arsenijevic, Nebojsa, Volarevic, Vladislav·2019·Cells

Abstract

There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based immunosuppression was mainly attributed to the effects of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). MSC-EVs are enriched with MSC-sourced bioactive molecules (messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors) that regulate phenotype, function and homing of immune cells. In this review article we emphasized current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs in attenuation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We described the disease-specific cellular targets of MSC-EVs and defined MSC-sourced molecules, which were responsible for MSC-EV-based immunosuppression. Results obtained in a large number of experimental studies revealed that both local and systemic administration of MSC-EVs efficiently suppressed detrimental immune response in inflamed tissues and promoted survival and regeneration of injured parenchymal cells. MSC-EVs-based anti-inflammatory effects were relied on the delivery of immunoregulatory miRNAs and immunomodulatory proteins in inflammatory immune cells (M1 macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+Th1 and Th17 cells), enabling their phenotypic conversion into immunosuppressive M2 macrophages, tolerogenic DCs and T regulatory cells. Additionally, through the delivery of mRNAs and miRNAs, MSC-EVs activated autophagy and/or inhibited apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress in injured hepatocytes, neurons, retinal cells, lung, gut and renal epithelial cells, promoting their survival and regeneration.

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Crossref · 10.3390/cells8121605

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  • hADSCs-Exos exhibit immunomodulatory functions and create a beneficial bone immune microenvironment for osteogenesis.

    “In addition, hADSCs-Exos exhibit immunomodulatory functions and create a beneficial bone immune microenvironment for osteogenesis [14].”

    From Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]

    Section 5 (page unavailable) describes MSC-derived exosomes shifting microglia toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, supporting the general immunomodulatory point. The passages do not establish that exosomes specifically from human adipose-derived stem cells create a beneficial bone immune microenvironment or promote osteogenesis. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Harrell, C. R., Jovicic, N., Djonov, V., Arsenijevic, N., & Volarevic, V.
Affiliations
  • Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N Palm Harbor, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, USA
  • University of Kragujevac (RS)
  • University of Bern (CH)
  • Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-12-11
Volume
8
Issue
12
Pages
1605
ISSN
2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2995856749
Cited by
795
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 88 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 144 · 2023: 149 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 45 · 2018: 2
FWCI
6.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • SCIDAR (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
Funders
  • European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) (The role of galectin 3 in acute colitis)
  • Novartis Stiftung für Medizinisch-Biologische Forschung (16C197)
  • Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja (175069 and 175103)
  • Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu (MP01/18)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Healthcare and Venom Research
Keywords
mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, extracellular vesicles, immunosuppression, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disease, microRNA, mRNA delivery, macrophage polarization, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, Th17 cells, regulatory T cells, tissue regeneration, autophagy, oxidative stress, hepatocyte viability, neuronal regeneration, retinal cells, lung epithelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, renal epithelial cells
MeSH terms
Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Exosomes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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