Cited by 2,147Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseGut microbiota and healthImmune Response and Inflammation

Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology

Baumgart, Daniel C, Carding, Simon R·2007·The Lancet

Abstract

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorders. In this paper, we discuss how environmental factors (eg, geography, cigarette smoking, sanitation and hygiene), infectious microbes, ethnic origin, genetic susceptibility, and a dysregulated immune system can result in mucosal inflammation. After describing the symbiotic interaction of the commensal microbiota with the host, oral tolerance, epithelial barrier function, antigen recognition, and immunoregulation by the innate and adaptive immune system, we examine the initiating and perpetuating events of mucosal inflammation. We pay special attention to pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding-oligomerisation-domains (NOD), NOD-like receptors and their mutual interaction on epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells. We also discuss the important role of dendritic cells in directing tolerance and immunity by modulation of subpopulations of effector T cells, regulatory T cells, Th17 cells, natural killer T cells, natural killer cells, and monocyte-macrophages in mucosal inflammation. Implications for novel therapies, which are discussed in detail in the second paper in this Series, are covered briefly.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60750-8

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Authors
Baumgart, D. C., & Carding, S. R.
Affiliations
  • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
  • University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author
Baumgart, Daniel C
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-05
Volume
369
Issue
9573
Pages
1627-1640
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
OpenAlex
W1979948289
Cited by
2,147
References
174
Citations by year
2026: 71 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 165 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 117 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 103 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 99
FWCI
9.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, mucosal inflammation, commensal microbiota, oral tolerance, epithelial barrier function, pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, Th17 cells, NKT cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages, genetic susceptibility, environmental risk factors, cigarette smoking, antigen recognition, immune regulation
MeSH terms
Environmental Exposure, Humans, Immune System, Intestines, Karyotyping, Life Style, Risk Factors, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Prevalence, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins

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