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Battery Management Systems in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Open accessAbstract
The battery management system (BMS) is a critical component of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The purpose of the BMS is to guarantee safe and reliable battery operation. To maintain the safety and reliability of the battery, state monitoring and evaluation, charge control, and cell balancing are functionalities that have been implemented in BMS. As an electrochemical product, a battery acts differently under different operational and environmental conditions. The uncertainty of a battery’s performance poses a challenge to the implementation of these functions. This paper addresses concerns for current BMSs. State evaluation of a battery, including state of charge, state of health, and state of life, is a critical task for a BMS. Through reviewing the latest methodologies for the state evaluation of batteries, the future challenges for BMSs are presented and possible solutions are proposed as well.
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“Other authors, such as Xing et al. [88], present a review of BMS for Battery Electric (BEVs) and Hybrid Vehicles (HVs) when considering the state of charge, the state of health, and the state of life, as the key features to be considered by BMSs.”
From A Review on Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges (2021) · cites this paper as [88]
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“As a result, EV BMS systems differ greatly in complexity from portable electronics [16].”
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“However, the inherent intermittency of many renewable energy sources leads to temporal and geographic mismatches in energy production and consumer demand [1].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Xing, Y., Ma, E. W. M., Tsui, K. L., & Pecht, M.
- Affiliations
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Pecht, Michael
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2011-10-31
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1840-1857
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2095027161
- Cited by
- 540
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 30.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- CityU Scholars (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- City University of Hong Kong
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Keywords
- battery management systems, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, state of charge estimation, state of health estimation, battery state monitoring, charge control, battery balancing
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