Genetic-Phenotype Analysis of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Its Glycoside Hydrolase Gene Distribution at Different Age Groups
Open accessAbstract
Human gut microbiota interfere with host development and aging. Bifidobacterium is a microbial genus found in the human digestive tract that has probiotic activities such as improving constipation and enhancing immunity. The species and numbers present change with age, but there has been limited research on probiotic gut microbiota at specific ages. This study analyzed the distribution of 610 bifidobacteria in subjects in several age groups (0−17, 18−65, and 66−108 y) using 486 fecal samples and determined the distribution of glycoside hydrolases based on genetic analysis of strains representing 85% of the Bifidobacterium species abundance in each age group. 6’-Sialyllactose is a major component of acidic breast milk oligosaccharides, which can promote human neurogenesis and bifidobacteria growth. Using genotypic and phenotypic association analysis, we investigated the utilization of 6’-sialyllactose by six B. bifidum strains isolated from subjects 0–17 and 18–65 y. A comparative genomic analysis of the six B. bifidum strains revealed differences in genomic features across age groups. Finally, the safety of these strains was evaluated by antibiotic gene and drug resistance phenotype analysis. Our results reveal that the distribution of glycoside hydrolase genes in B. bifidum varies with age, thus affecting the phenotypic results. This provides important insights for the design and application of probiotic products for different ages.
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The genomic diversity of B. bifidum has not yet been comprehensively surveyed, and current reference collections capture only a fraction of the global B. bifidum pangenome.
“Despite its relevance in early life, the species' genomic diversity has not yet been comprehensively surveyed, and current reference collections capture only a fraction of the global B. bifidum pangenome.”
From Genome-scale insights into the metabolic landscape and evolutionary development of Bifidobacterium bifidum (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
Results §3.4 reports genomic differences among six B. bifidum strains and says their pan-genomic curve may indicate an open pan-genome. That lends some support to the idea of diversity beyond the strains examined, but the paper does not establish that the species has not been comprehensively surveyed or assess what fraction of the global pangenome current reference collections capture. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious comparative genomics studies of B. bifidum, limited to smaller datasets of cultured isolates from Westernized populations, consistently reported an open pangenome structure.
“Previous comparative genomics studies of this species, limited to smaller datasets of cultured isolates from Westernized populations, consistently reported an open pangenome structure [29-32] .”
From Genome-scale insights into the metabolic landscape and evolutionary development of Bifidobacterium bifidum (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
Results §3.4 reports a comparative analysis of six B. bifidum strains and says the pan-genomic curve may indicate an open pan-genome; Discussion §4 likewise says the results suggested one. Methods §2.1 describes cultured isolates, but our copy does not establish that they came from Westernized populations or that multiple previous studies consistently reported this finding. The citing sentence also states the open-pangenome conclusion more firmly than this paper does. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a comparison of six strains from distinct ages, strains from children and young hosts showed enhanced degradation of 6'-sialyllactose relative to strains from adults.
“The contribution of host age was addressed more directly in a comparison of six strains from distinct ages, in which strains from children and young hosts showed enhanced degradation of 6'-sialyllactose, an HMO component, relative to strains from adults [31] .”
From Genome-scale insights into the metabolic landscape and evolutionary development of Bifidobacterium bifidum (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Wei, X., Yu, L., Zhang, C., Ni, Y., Zhang, H., Zhai, Q., & Tian, F.
- Affiliations
- Jiangnan University (CN)
- Shihezi University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yu, Leilei
- Venue
- Foods
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-02-22
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 922
- ISSN
- 2304-8158 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10000437
- OpenAlex
- W4321494907
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Foods (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- Bifidobacterium bifidum, human milk oligosaccharides, probiotic safety, antibiotic resistance genes, comparative genomics, fecal microbiota, human gut microbiome
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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