Colonization Resistance in the Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis in Reducing pH and Preventing Pathogen Growth

Duar, Rebbeca M.; Kyle, David; Casaburi, Giorgio

doi:10.3390/ht9020007

Cited by 70Infant Nutrition and HealthGut microbiota and healthProbiotics and Fermented Foods

Colonization Resistance in the Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis in Reducing pH and Preventing Pathogen Growth

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Duar, Rebbeca M., Kyle, David, Casaburi, Giorgio·2020·High-Throughput

DOI 10.3390/ht9020007PMC PMC7349288

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Abstract

Over the past century, there has been a steady increase in the stool pH of infants from industrialized countries. Analysis of historical data revealed a strong association between abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome of breasted infants and stool pH, suggesting that this taxon plays a key role in determining the pH in the gut. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is uniquely equipped to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) from breastmilk into acidic end products, mainly lactate and acetate. The presence of these acidic compounds in the infant gut is linked to a lower stool pH. Conversely, infants lacking B. infantis have a significantly higher stool pH, carry a higher abundance of potential pathogens and mucus-eroding bacteria in their gut microbiomes, and have signs of chronic enteric inflammation. This suggests the presence of B. infantis and low intestinal pH may be critical to maintaining a protective environment in the infant gut. Here, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that feeding B. infantis EVC001 to breastfed infants results in significantly lower fecal pH compared to controls and propose that low pH is one critical factor in preventing the invasion and overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the infant gut, a process known as colonization resistance.

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Administering SCFA-producing commensals such as Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis to infants reduces intestinal pH from 5.97 to 5.15 and decreased virulence factor gene abundance.
“For example, administering SCFA-producing commensals such as Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis to infants reduces intestinal pH from 5.97 to 5.15 and decreased virulence factor gene abundance [41–43].”
From Role of the gut microbiota in nutrient competition and protection against intestinal pathogen colonization (2023) · cites this paper as [42]

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Authors: Duar, R. M., Kyle, D., & Casaburi, G.
Affiliations: Infinant Health Inc. (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Casaburi, Giorgio
ORCID: Duar, Rebbeca M.
Casaburi, Giorgio
Venue: High-Throughput
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-03-27
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Pages: 7
ISSN: 2076-3905 (ISSN-L)
2571-5135
DOI: 10.3390/ht9020007
PMC: PMC7349288
OpenAlex: W3014067611
Cited by: 70
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 1.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Microarrays (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Keywords: colonization resistance, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, infant gut microbiota, fecal pH, human milk oligosaccharides, breast-fed infants, probiotic supplementation

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Colonization Resistance in the Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis in Reducing pH and Preventing Pathogen Growth

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