Allergy and the gastrointestinal system
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Summary: The gastrointestinal system plays a central role in immune system homeostasis. It is the main route of contact with the external environment and is overloaded every day with external stimuli, sometimes dangerous as pathogens (bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses) or toxic substances, in other cases very useful as food or commensal flora. The crucial position of the gastrointestinal system is testified by the huge amount of immune cells that reside within it. Indeed, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the prominent part of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and represents almost 70% of the entire immune system; moreover, about 80% of plasma cells [mainly immunoglobulin A (IgA)-bearing cells] reside in GALT. GALT interacts strictly with gastrointestinal functions in a dynamic manner; for instance, by increasing intestinal permeability in replay to particular stimulations, or orientating the immune response towards luminal content, allowing either tolerance or elimination/degradation of luminal antigens, or sometimes provoking damage to the intestinal mucosa, such as in coeliac disease or food allergy. The immune mechanisms implicated in these actions are very complex and belong to both innate and adaptive immunity; innate immunity supplies an immediate non-specific response that is indispensable before specific adaptive immunity, which needs 7–10 days to be efficacious, takes place. The results of their interactions depend upon different contexts in which contact with external agents occurs and may change according to different genetic settings of the hosts.
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Approximately 70-80% of immune cells in the human body are found in the gut, allowing for direct gut-immune cell interactions.
“Approximately 70–80% of immune cells in the human body are found in the gut, allowing for direct gut–immune cell interactions (Vighi et al., 2008).”
From Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axis (2019) · cites this paper as Vighi et al., 2008
Gut microbiota can influence the state of peripheral inflammation through interactions with nearby immune cells.
“Along with affecting the level of permeability along the intestinal tract, gut microbiota can influence the state of peripheral inflammation through interactions with nearby immune cells.”
From Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axis (2019) · cites this paper as Vighi et al., 2008
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Vighi, G., Marcucci, F., Sensi, L., Di Cara, G., & Frati, F.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Public Health, Perugia, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Marcucci, F
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-07-21
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- Supplement_1
- Pages
- 3-6
- ISSN
- 0009-9104 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2249
- PMC
- PMC2515351
- OpenAlex
- W2018223096
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Clinical & Experimental Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- allergy, digestive system, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, immunoglobulin A, intestinal permeability, intestinal immune tolerance, celiac disease, food allergy, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, commensal microbiota, intestinal mucosa
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Intestinal Absorption, Lymphoid Tissue, Plasma Cells, Gastrointestinal Tract
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