The asthma epidemic
Abstract
This review surveys the data on the increase in the prevalence of asthma in recent decades and finds evidence of a plateau in many Western countries. The authors examine the evidence of possible causal relations to factors such as air pollution, obesity, diet, and exposure to infections, antibiotics, and allergens, including exposures at very young ages. The most strongly supported preventive measure is the avoidance of passive and active exposure to smoke.
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Underlying mechanisms of asthma may include airway inflammation and control of airway tone and reactivity.
“Although underlying mechanisms of asthma are not yet fully understood, they may include airway inflammation, control of airway tone and reactivity (4).”
From Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Greater awareness, recognition, and/or diagnostic shifts are unlikely to fully explain the steep rise in asthma prevalence observed over the last four decades of the Twentieth century.
“Although greater awareness, recognition, and/or diagnostic shifts have been suggested as contributory factors to the steep rise in asthma prevalence observed over the last four decades of the Twentieth century, repeated cross-sectional surveys using objective measures, such as bronchial hyperreactivity, have confirmed that these factors are unlikely to fully explain this epidemic (4).”
From Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Eder, W., Ege, M. J., & von Mutius, E.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- ORCID
- Ege, Markus J.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2006-11-23
- Volume
- 355
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2226-2235
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2081375496
- Cited by
- 1,621
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 119 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 118 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 10.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational exposure and asthma
- Keywords
- asthma, asthma prevalence, asthma epidemic, air pollution, obesity, diet, infection exposure, antibiotic exposure, allergen exposure, early life exposure, passive smoking, active smoking, asthma prevention
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollution, Allergens, Asthma, Bacteria, Diet, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Infections, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Causality, Prevalence, Bronchial Hyperreactivity
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