Cited by 256Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchEnvironmental remediation with nanomaterialsFluorine in Organic Chemistry

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A Review of the Applications, Environmental Release, and Remediation Technologies of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

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Meegoda, Jay N., Kewalramani, Jitendra A., Li, Brian, Marsh, Richard W.·2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

DOI 10.3390/ijerph17218117PMC PMC7663283

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Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pollutants that have demonstrated a high level of environmental persistence and are very difficult to remediate. As the body of literature on their environmental effects has increased, so has regulatory and research scrutiny. The widespread usage of PFAS in industrial applications and consumer products, complicated by their environmental release, mobility, fate, and transport, have resulted in multiple exposure routes for humans. Furthermore, low screening levels and stringent regulatory standards that vary by state introduce considerable uncertainty and potential costs in the environmental management of PFAS. The recalcitrant nature of PFAS render their removal difficult, but existing and emerging technologies can be leveraged to destroy or sequester PFAS in a variety of environmental matrices. Additionally, new research on PFAS remediation technologies has emerged to address the efficiency, costs, and other shortcomings of existing remediation methods. Further research on the impact of field parameters such as secondary water quality effects, the presence of co-contaminants and emerging PFAS, reaction mechanisms, defluorination yields, and the decomposition products of treatment technologies is needed to fully evaluate these emerging technologies, and industry attention should focus on treatment train approaches to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of treatment.

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Figure 1 Pathways of direct human per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and its potential health effects [31,32,33,35,36,37,38].CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Classification tree of PFAS family compounds adapted from Buck et al. [3] and ITRC PFAS Team [10].CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Pathways of PFAS environmental release and exposure [6,10,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Meegoda, J. N., Kewalramani, J. A., Li, B., & Marsh, R. W.
Affiliations: New Jersey Institute of Technology (US)
Princeton University (US)
Corresponding author: Meegoda, Jay N.
ORCID: Meegoda, Jay N.
Kewalramani, Jitendra A.
Li, Brian
Marsh, Richard W.
Venue: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-11-03
Volume: 17
Issue: 21
Pages: 8117
ISSN: 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218117
PMC: PMC7663283
OpenAlex: W3095851882
Cited by: 256
References: 183
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 12
FWCI: 1.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (2016168)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, environmental persistence, environmental release, PFAS fate and transport, human exposure pathways, PFAS regulation, remediation strategies, defluorination, emerging PFAS, co-contaminants, treatment train
MeSH terms: Construction Materials, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Quality

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A Review of the Applications, Environmental Release, and Remediation Technologies of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

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