Examining Psychosocial and Economic Barriers to Green Space Access for Racialised Individuals and Families: A Narrative Literature Review of the Evidence to Date
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BACKGROUND: Social prescribing (such as green social prescribing), aims to address health disparities cross-culturally to improve well-being. However, evidence highlights racial disparities in relation to access to quality green space (including local/national parks and recreational spaces). This review aimed to identify the psycho-socioeconomic barriers to green space access for racialised individuals/families and Black Indigenous People of Colour (BIPOC), to understand what cultural adaptations might be made to help support them to access green social prescribing within the UK. METHOD: A narrative systematic review was conducted to identify barriers to green space access for racialised individuals/families and BIPOC. Searches of publication databases (APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [CDSR], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and SCOPUS Preview) were undertaken from January to February 2022, to identify quantitative peer reviewed studies. Of the 4493 abstracts identified, ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for final review. RESULTS: The results suggest that interpersonal, practical (such as transportation costs, entrance fees and lodging costs) and environmental factors can act as barriers to green space access for racialised individuals/families. Most frequently reported barriers were perceptions of safety and costs associated with travel and accessing green spaces, particularly for families. CONCLUSION: Factors such as diversity-friendly schemes (e.g., multiple languages on signs and additional prayer spaces in parks), funding and strategies to improve safety should be considered in the design and commissioning of green space and green social prescribing initiatives in primary care. By mitigating these barriers green space can become more accessible and improve inclusivity for racialised individuals/families. Future research could explore the inter-racial differences between racialised populations and which mechanisms reduce barriers to access and in what contexts.
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Access to affordable, appropriate housing is becoming increasingly challenging for urban populations facing precarious housing conditions.
“One of these key aspects is access to affordable, appropriate housing, which is becoming increasingly challenging for urban populations facing precarious housing conditions (133-135).”
From Bridging Sectors and Disciplines to Gain a Critical Understanding of the Eco-Social Determinants of Health Inequities: The ESDHI-EU Conference (2025) · cites this paper as [135]
Section 1.7 (Gentrification; page unavailable) says BIPOC individuals and families may be unable to afford newly developed areas, supporting a narrower point about affordability. The paper does not establish a worsening lack of affordable, appropriate housing for urban populations generally or address precarious housing conditions. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Robinson, T., Robertson, N., Curtis, F., Darko, N., & Jones, C. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Robertson, Noelle
- Jones, Ceri R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-12-31
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 745
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9819928
- OpenAlex
- W4313471945
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- green space access, green social prescribing, racial disparities, BIPOC, access barriers, psychosocial barriers, socioeconomic barriers, perceived safety, travel cost, park entrance fees, cultural adaptation, primary care, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Parks, Recreational, Ethnicity, Humans, Narration
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