Enhancement of immune activation activities of Spirulina maxima grown in deep-sea water
Open accessAbstract
In this study, the immuno-modulatory and anticancer activities of marine algae, Spirulina maxima grown in deep-sea water (DSW), were investigated. It was found that the extract of S. maxima, cultured in DSW, effectively suppressed the expression of Bcl2 in A549 cells as well as inhibiting various human cancer cells with concentration dependency, which possibly implies that the extracts may play more important roles in controlling cancer cell growth. The secretion of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α from human B cells was also greatly increased, compared to those of the extract grown in conventional sea-water. The growth of Human Natural Killer (NK) cells in the presence of the extracts from DSW was significantly higher (12.2 × 104 viable cells/mL) when compared to the control (1.1 × 104 viable cells/mL). Based on HPLC analysis, the increase in the biological activities of the extracts from DSW was caused by considerably high amounts of β-carotene and ascorbic acid because the DSW contained high concentrations and good ratios of several key minerals for biosynthesizing β-carotene and ascorbic acid, as well as maintaining high cell growth.
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Extract from the deep-sea water Spirulina maxima effectively suppressed the expression of Bcl2 in A549 cells and inhibited viability of other human cancer cells.
“Another example concerns the extract from the deep-sea water Spirulina maxima, which effectively suppressed the expression of Bcl2 in A549 cells and inhibited viability of other human cancer cells [124].”
From Anticancer and Cancer Preventive Properties of Marine Polysaccharides: Some Results and Prospects (2013) · cites this paper as [124]
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Anticancer and Cancer Preventive Properties of Marine Polysaccharides: Some Results and Prospects
Fedorov, S., Ermakova, S., Zvyagintseva, T., & Stonik, V. (2013) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md11124876 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
- Authors
- Choi, W., Kang, D., & Lee, H.
- Affiliations
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KR)
- Seowon University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Hyeon
- ORCID
- Lee, Hyeon
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2013-06-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 12205-12221
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3709782
- OpenAlex
- W2088484742
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
- Keywords
- Spirulina maxima, anticancer activity, Bcl-2 expression, A549 cells, cytokine production, interleukin-6, TNF-α, natural killer cells, beta-carotene, vitamin C, marine algae extracts
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Line, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Immunity, Killer Cells, Natural, Minerals, Seawater, T-Lymphocytes, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Water, Interleukin-6, Cell Death, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Cell Proliferation, Spirulina
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