Antiviral activity of Spirulina maxima against herpes simplex virus type 2
Abstract
Spirulina has been used in a variety of practical applications in biotechnology and medical sciences. This paper presents the antiviral activity found in a hot water extract (HWE) of a commercial preparation of Spirulina maxima, studied by a microplate inhibition assay, using several viruses. The HWE inhibited the infection for: herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), pseudorabies virus (PRV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and HSV-1, and the 50% effective inhibition doses (ED(50)) were 0.069, 0.103, 0.142, and 0.333 mg/ml for each virus, respectively. For adenovirus the inhibition was less than 20%, and no inhibition was found for measles virus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus (SSPE), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), poliovirus 1 and rotavirus SA-11, at concentrations of 2 mg/ml of the HWE. The highest antiviral activity was for HSV-2, with a selectivity index of 128. The antiviral activity was not due to a virucidal effect. Herpesvirus infection was inhibited at the initial events (adsorption and penetration) of the viral cycle. To initiate the isolation and identification of the compound that exhibits the antiviral activity of S. maxima, some extracts made by using several solvents with different polarity were evaluated by microplate inhibition assay using HSV-2. The highest antiviral activity was detected in the methanol-water 3:1, which suggests that the antiviral activity is probably due to highly polar compounds.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hernández-Corona et al. reported high antiviral activity in extracts of S. maxima prepared from methanol-water (3:1) probably because the extracts contain sulfated polysaccharides that significantly prevent several viruses from attaching to the host cell.
“Hernández-Corona et al. reported high antiviral activity in extracts of S. maxima prepared from methanol–water (3:1) probably because the extracts have been shown to contain sulfated polysaccharides that significantly prevent several viruses from attaching to the host cell [81].”
From Application of Arthrospira platensis for Medicinal Purposes and the Food Industry: A Review of the Literature (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
Cites
Antioxidant activity of different fractions of Spirulina platensis protean extract
Piñero Estrada, J. (2001) · Il Farmaco · doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01084-9 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
(1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-465330-6.x5000-3 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Hayashi, T., Hayashi, K., Maeda, M., & Kojima, I. (1996) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np960017o · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Hayashi (1996) · doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1463 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Hirahashi, T., Matsumoto, M., Hazeki, K., Saeki, Y., Ui, M., & Seya, T. (2002) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00166-7 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL OF <i>SPIRULINA</i>
Ciferri, O., & Tiboni, O. (1985) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.39.100185.002443 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Nutritional Value of the Alga Spirulina
Dillon, J.-C., Phuc, A. P., & Dubacq, J. P. (2015) · World review of nutrition and dietetics · doi:10.1159/000424464 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication by an Aqueous Extract of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis)
Ayehunie, S., Belay, A., Baba, T. W., & Ruprecht, R. M. (1998) · Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology · doi:10.1097/00042560-199805010-00002 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
The Biochemistry and Industrial Potential of Spirulina
Ciferri, O. (1985) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.39.1.503 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
A Novel Antivirally Active Fucan Sulfate Derived from an Edible Brown Alga, Sargassum horneri.
Preeprame, S., Hayashi, K., Lee, J., Sankawa, U., & Hayashi, T. (2001) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/cpb.49.484 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Isolation and characterization of an anti-HSV polysaccharide from Prunella vulgaris
Xu, H., Lee, S. H. S., Lee, S. F., White, R. L., & Blay, J. (1999) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(99)00053-4 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Duarte, M. E. R., Noseda, D. G., Noseda, M. D., Túlio, S., Pujol, C. A., & Damonte, E. B. (2001) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00007 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Subchronic toxicity study in mice fed Spirulina maxima
Salazar, M., Martı́nez, E., Madrigal, É., Ruiz, L. E., & Chamorro, G. (1998) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00080-4 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationAntiviral Activities against HSV-1, HCMV, and HIV-1 of Rhamnan Sulfate fromMonostroma latissimum
Lee, J., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, T., Sankawa, U., & Maeda, M. (1999) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-960804 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
[Pharmacology and toxicology of Spirulina alga].
Chamorro, G., Salazar, M., Favila, L., & Bourges, H. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationAl-Batshan, H. A., Al-Mufarrej, S. I., Al-Homaidan, A. A., & Qureshi, M. A. (2001) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.1081/iph-100103866 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Rodrı́guez-Hernández, A., Blé-Castillo, J. L., Juárez-Oropeza, M. A., & Dı́az-Zagoya, J. C. (2001) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01185-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Effect of Spirulina maxima consumption on reproduction and peri- and postnatal development in rats
Salazar, M., Chamorro, G., Salazar, S., & Steele, C. (1996) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0278-6915(96)00000-2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationDasgupta, T., Banerjee, S., Yadav, P., & Rao, A. R. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1012769215383 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sudo, K., Konno, K., Yokota, T., & Shigeta, S. (1994) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/0166-0934(94)90041-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
[Teratogenic study of Spirulina in mice].
Chamorro, G., & Salazar, M. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationRamos-Kuri, M., Bl, B. R., & Aguilar‐Setién, Á. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Subchronic toxicity study in rats fed Spirulina.
Ga, C., Herrera, G., Salazar, M., Salazar, S., & Ulloa, V. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Di, A., Perola, E., Bartolini, B., Marzano, M., Liverani, L., Mascellani, G., Benedetto, A., & Cellai, L. (1999) · Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy · doi:10.1177/095632029901000104 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
[Teratogenic study of Spirulina in rats].
Chamorro, G., Salazar, M., & Salazar, S. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationShort-term toxicity study of Spirulina in F3b generation rats.
Ga, C., Herrera, G., Salazar, M., Salazar, S., & Ulloa, V. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microalgae for High-Value Products Towards Human Health and Nutrition
Barkia, I., Saari, N., & Manning, S. R. (2019) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md17050304 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Bioactivity and applications of sulphated polysaccharides from marine microalgae
Raposo, M., De Morais, R., & Bernardo de Morais, A. (2013) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md11010233 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Production, extraction and characterization of microalgal and cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides
Delattre, C., Pierre, G., Laroche, C., & Michaud, P. (2016) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.001 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Antioxidant Activity and Hepatoprotective Effects of Whey Protein and Spirulina in Rats
Gad, A. S., Khadrawy, Y. A., El-Nekeety, A. A., Mohamed, S. R., Hassan, N. S., & Abdel-Wahhab, M. A. (2011) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2010.04.002 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Bermejo‐Bescós, P., Piñero, E., & Villar, Á. (2008) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.021 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Evaluation of Microalgae for use as Nutraceuticals and Nutritional Supplements
Bishop, W. M., & Zubeck, H. M. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences · doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000147 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Screening of functional compounds in supercritical fluid extracts from Spirulina platensis
Mendiola, J. A., Jaime, L., Santoyo, S., Reglero, G., Cifuentes, A., Ibáñez, E., & Señoráns, F. J. (2006) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.068 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Mostafa, S. S. M., & El‐Gendy, N. S. (2013) · Arabian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.034 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Rossi, F., & Philippis, R. D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2_21 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Potential health benefits of spirulina microalgae*: A review of the existing literature
Capelli, B., & Cysewski, G. R. (2010) · Nutrafoods · doi:10.1007/bf03223332 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
Chaisuwan, W., Jantanasakulwong, K., Wangtueai, S., Phimolsiripol, Y., Chaiyaso, T., Techapun, C., Phongthai, S., You, S., Regenstein, J. M., & Seesuriyachan, P. (2020) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100564 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Furmaniak, M. A., Misztak, A. E., Franczuk, M. D., Wilmotte, A., Waleron, M., & Waleron, K. F. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02541 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Gentscheva, G., Nikolova, K., Panayotova, V., Peycheva, K., Makedonski, L., Slavov, P., Radusheva, P., Petrova, P., & Yotkovska, I. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13030845 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Mader, J., Gallo, A., Schommartz, T., Handke, W., Nagel, C.-H., Günther, P., Brune, W., & Reich, K. (2016) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.027 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Functional bioactive compounds and biological activities of Spirulina platensis lipids
Ramadan, M. F., Asker, M. S., & Ibrahim, Z. K. (2008) · Czech Journal of Food Sciences · doi:10.17221/2567-cjfs · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Zhou, T., Wang, J., Zheng, H., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Xiang, S., Cao, L., Ruan, R. R., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.131 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Guzmán-Gómez, O., García-Rodríguez, R. V., Quevedo-Corona, L., Pérez-Pastén-Borja, R., Rivero-Ramírez, N. L., Ríos‐Castro, E., Pérez‐Gutiérrez, S., Pérez‐Ramos, J., & Chamorro, G. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10060763 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationSpirulina (Arthrospira) : An Important Source of Nutritional and Medicinal Compounds
Nuhu, A. A. (2013) · Journal of Marine Biology · doi:10.1155/2013/325636 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Wide range applications of spirulina: from earth to space missions
Fais, G., Manca, A., Bolognesi, F., Borselli, M., Concas, A., Busutti, M., Broggi, G., Sanna, P., Castillo-Aleman, Y. M., Rivero-Jiménez, R. A., et al. (2022) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md20050299 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Khafaga, A. F., & El-Sayed, Y. S. (2018) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.010 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Shrinkage, porosity and density behaviour during convective drying of spirulina
Dissa, A. O., Desmorieux, H., Savadogo, P. W., Segda, B. G., & Koulidiati, J. (2009) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.10.036 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Marine organisms as a therapeutic source against herpes simplex virus infection
Vo, T., Ngo, D., Ta, Q. V., & Kim, S. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2011.07.005 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Dang, V. T., Li, Y., Speck, P. G., & Benkendorff, K. (2011) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.08.009 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Anticancer, Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Properties in Microalgae
Dewi, I. C., Falaise, C., Hellio, C., Bourgougnon, N., & Mouget, J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811405-6.00012-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Production and characterization of antimicrobial active substance from Spirulina platensis.
El-Sheekh, M. M., Daboor, S. M., Swelim, M. A., & Mohamed, S. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Salt stress enhancement of antioxidant and antiviral efficiency of Spirulina platensis
Shalaby, E. A., Sanaa, M. M. S., & Vikramjit, S. (2010) · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research · doi:10.5897/jmpr09.300 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pectic Polysaccharides from Panax ginseng as the Antirotavirus Principals in Ginseng
Baek, S., Lee, J. G., Park, S. Y., Bae, O. N., Kim, D.-H., & Park, J. H. (2010) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm100397p · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Ratha, S. K., Renuka, N., Rawat, I., & Bux, F. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111089 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Caetano, P. A., do Nascimento, T. C., Fernandes, A. S., Nass, P. P., Vieira, K. R., Maróstica, M. R., Lopes, E. J., & Zepka, L. Q. (2022) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102491 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
de la Jara, A., Ruano-Rodriguez, C., Polifrone, M., Assunçao, P., Brito-Casillas, Y., Wägner, A. M., & Serra-Majem, L. (2018) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1468-4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Kepekçi, R. A., & Saygideger, S. D. (2011) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-011-9710-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The effect of ultrasonificated extracts of spirulina maxima on the anticancer activity
Oh, S.-H., Ahn, J., Kang, D.-H., & Lee, H.-Y. (2011) · Marine Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10126-010-9282-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae
Raposo, M. F. D. J., Morais, A. M. M. B., & Morais, R. M. S. C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_47 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Chamorro, G., Garduño‐Siciliano, L., Barrón, B. L., Madrigal-Bujaidar, E., Cruz‐Vega, D. E., & Pagès, N. (2007) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.039 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional and Pharmaceutical Properties of Microalgal Spirulina
Vo, T., Ngo, D., & Kim, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800776-1.00019-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Salih, A. E. M., Thissera, B., Yaseen, M., Hassane, A. S. I., El-Seedi, H. R., Sayed, A. M., & Rateb, M. E. (2021) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md19080406 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Evaluation of protective efficacy of Spirulina platensis against collagen-induced arthritis in rats
Kumar, N., Singh, S., Patro, N., & Patro, I. (2009) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-009-0004-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Biomedical Applications of Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles from Cyanobacteria: an Overview
Mandhata, C. P., Sahoo, C. R., & Padhy, R. N. (2022) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-021-03078-2 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Microalgae-derived polysaccharides: Potential building blocks for biomedical applications
Severo, I. A., Dias, R. R., do Nascimento, T. C., Deprá, M. C., Maroneze, M. M., Zepka, L. Q., & Lopes, E. J. (2022) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-022-03342-0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Śliwińska‐Wilczewska, S., Wiśniewska, K. A., Konarzewska, Z., Cieszyńska, A., Barreiro, A., Lewandowska, A. U., & Latała, A. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145681 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Yakoot, M., & Salem, A. (2012) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-12-32 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cyanotherapeutics: An emerging field for future drug discovery
Tiwari, A. K., & Tiwari, B. S. (2020) · Applied Phycology · doi:10.1080/26388081.2020.1744480 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Pigment deficiency correction in shrimp broodstock using Spirulina as a carotenoid source
Regunathan, C., & Wesley, S. G. (2006) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00444.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Edirisinghe, S. L., Dananjaya, S. H. S., Nikapitiya, C., Liyanage, T. D., Lee, K.-A., Oh, C., Kang, D.-H., & Zoysa, M. D. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.054 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Petit, L., Vernès, L., & Cadoret, J. (2021) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-021-02372-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Antiviral Activity of Freshwater Algae
Abdo, S. M., El-Senousy, W. M., Ali, G. H., Hetta, M. H., & Salah, A. B. (2012) · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Raihan, T., Rabbee, M. F., Roy, P., Choudhury, S., Baek, K.-H., & Azad, A. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.732256 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Biotechnology of Cyanobacteria
Grewe, C. B., & Pulz, O. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3_26 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Marine Microalgae Biotechnology
Venkatesan, J., Manivasagan, P., & Kim, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800776-1.00001-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Evaluation of antiviral activity of fractionated extracts of sage Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)
Smidling, D., Mitić-Ćulafić, D., Vuković‐Gačić, B., Simić, D., & Knežević‐Vukčević, J. (2008) · Archives of Biological Sciences · doi:10.2298/abs0803421s · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Guidi, F., Gojkovic, Ž., Venuleo, M., Assunção, P., & Portillo, E. (2021) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr9081333 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sevimli-Gür, C., Erdogan, D. K., Onbasõlar, I., Atilla, P., Çakar, N., & Gurhan, İ. D. (2013) · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research · doi:10.5897/jmpr12.705 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Marcinkowska‐Lesiak, M., Onopiuk, A., Zalewska, M., Ciepłoch, A., & Barotti, L. (2017) · Journal of Food Processing and Preservation · doi:10.1111/jfpp.13561 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nazih, H., & Bard, J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811405-6.00010-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Microalgae: An Untapped Resource for Natural Antimicrobials
Jena, J., & Subudhi, E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1586-2_8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Antiviral activity of five filamentous cyanobacteria against coxsackievirus B3 and rotavirus
Deyab, M. A., Mofeed, J., El-Bilawy, E. H., & Ward, F. M. E.-N. (2019) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-019-01734-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Extraction of Phycocyanin and Chlorophyll from Spirulina by “Green Methods”
Nikolova, K. T., Petkova, N. T., Mihaylova, D. S., Gentscheva, G., Gavrailov, G., Pehlivanov, I., & Andonova, V. (2024) · Separations · doi:10.3390/separations11020057 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Devi, A. C., Tavanandi, H. A., Govindaraju, K., & Raghavarao, K. S. M. S. (2020) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-019-02033-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Microalgae in Human Health and Medicine
Basheer, S., Huo, S., Zhu, F., Qian, J., Xu, L., Cui, F., & Zou, B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0169-2_5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Joseph, J., Thankamani, K., Ajay, A., Raj, V. S., & Raj, V. S. (2021) · Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/1389201022666210810111716 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ayswaria, R., Vijayan, J., & Nathan, V. K. (2023) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.3779 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wan, D., Wu, Q., & Kuča, K. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802147-7.00042-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lopes, V. R., Schmidtke, M., Fernandes, M. H., Martins, R. F., & Vasconcelos, V. M. (2011) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2011.03.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Choi, W. Y., & Lee, H. (2017) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app8010026 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae
Raposo, M. F. D. J., Morais, A. M. M. B., & Morais, R. M. S. C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_47-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Protective Effect of Arthrospira maxima on Fatty Acid Composition in Fatty Liver
Torres-Durán, P. V., Paredes-Carbajal, M. C., Mascher, D., Zamora‐González, J., Díaz-Zagoya, J. C., & Juárez-Oropeza, M. A. (2006) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.08.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Impact of theSpirulina maximaextract addition to semen extender on bovine sperm quality
Mizera, A., Kuczaj, M., & Szul, A. (2019) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1080/1828051x.2018.1548914 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Phycochemistry and pharmacological significance of filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina sp.
Sabat, S., Bej, S., Swain, S. N., Bishoyi, A. K., Sahoo, C. R., Sabat, G., & Padhy, R. N. (2025) · Bioresources and Bioprocessing · doi:10.1186/s40643-025-00861-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hadizadeh, M., Ofoghi, H., Kianirad, M., & Amidi, Z. (2019) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101597 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Yi, Z., Su, Y., Brynjólfsson, S., Ólafsdóttir, K. B., & Fu, W. (2021) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91095-8.00007-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Enhancement of immune activation activities of Spirulina maxima grown in deep-sea water
Choi, W., Kang, D., & Lee, H. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms140612205 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mancini, D. A. P., Torres, R. P., Pinto, J. R., & Mancini-Filho, J. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1590/s1984-82502009000100016 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Patro, N., Sharma, A., Kariaya, K., & Patro, I. K. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Anti HSV-1 activity of sulphoquinovosyl diacylglycerol isolated from Spirulina platensis
Chirasuwan, N., Chaiklahan, R., Kittakoop, P., Chanasattru, W., Ruengjitchatchawalya, M., Tanticharoen, M., & Bunnag, B. (2009) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sen, S., Tiwari, O. N., Arya, R. K., Bhowmick, T. K., & Gayen, K. (2025) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-025-06802-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jung, F., Braune, S., Jung, C. H. G., Krüger‐Genge, A., Waldeck, P., Petrick, I., & Küpper, J. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12101497 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Deethae, A., Peerapornpisal, Y., Pekkoh, J., Sangthong, P., & Tragoolpua, Y. (2018) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.13729 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Choi, W. Y., Sim, J.-H., Lee, J.-Y., Kang, D. H., & Lee, H.-Y. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9102144 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wan, D., Wu, Q., & Kuča, K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821038-3.00057-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements
Girela, I. M., Albero, B., Tiwari, B. K., Miguel, E., & Aznar, R. (2020) · Separations · doi:10.3390/separations7020028 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Antiviral activity of microalgae extracts against Mayaro virus
Ribeiro, M. C. M., Salles, T. S., Moreira, M. F., Barbarino, E., do Valle, A. F., & Couto, M. A. P. G. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102577 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sibiya, T., Ghazi, T., & Chuturgoon, A. A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14153076 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Neri-Torres, E. E., Chanona‐Pérez, J. J., Calderón, H. A., Torres-Figueredo, N., Chamorro, G., Calderón‐Domínguez, G., & Velasco-Bedrán, H. (2016) · Microscopy and Microanalysis · doi:10.1017/s1431927616011442 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationCyanobacterial metabolites as novel drug candidates in corona viral therapies: A review
Prabhu, S., Vijayakumar, S., & Praseetha, P. (2022) · Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/cdt3.11 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
In vitro inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by dry algae powders
García-Ruíz, D., Villalobos-Sánchez, E., Alam-Escamilla, D., & Elizondo‐Quiroga, D. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22148-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Vázquez‐Salgado, L., Olveira, J. G., Dopazo, C. P., & Bandı́n, I. (2020) · Veterinary Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01652176.2020.1810357 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Natural Marine Antiviral Products
Martínez, M. J. A., Bedoya, L. M., & Bermejo, P. (2008) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80005-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Abdellatief, S. A., Rahman, A. N. A., & Abdallah, F. (2018) · Zagazig Veterinary Journal/Zagazig Veterinary Journal (Online) · doi:10.21608/zvjz.2018.7621 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Antiviral effect of edaphic cyanophytes on rabies and herpes-1 viruses
Mansour, H. A., Shoman, S. A. H., & Kdodier, M. (2011) · Acta Biologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/abiol.62.2011.2.9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Daoud, H. M., & Soliman, E. M. (2015) · Veterinary World · doi:10.14202/vetworld.2015.1260-1265 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effect of hot water extracts of Arthrospira maxima (spirulina) against respiratory syncytial virus
Chen, W., Chen, Y., Liao, Y.-C., Huang, X., Lu, T., & Shih, S. (2022) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154611 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hernández‐Contreras, Á., Teles, A., Salas‐Leiva, J. S., Chaves-Pozo, E., & Tovar‐Ramírez, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42855-5_28 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Panwong, S., Phinyo, K., Duangjan, K., Sattayawat, P., Pekkoh, J., Tragoolpua, Y., Yenchitsomanus, P., & Panya, A. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133496 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cyanobacterial natural products as sources for antiviral drug discovery against COVID-19
Porzani, S. J., Konur, O., & Nowruzi, B. (2021) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2021.1899050 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Herbal extracts and compounds active against herpes simplex virus
Thompson, K. D. (2006) · Advances in phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02005-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Spirulina Effectiveness Study on Child Malnutrition in Zambia
Masuda, K., Inoue, Y., Inoue, R., Nakamura, A., Chitundu, M., Murakami, J., Ota, Y., & Matsugami, J. (2014) · OpenDocs (Institute of Development Studies) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Exopolysaccharides: An Untapped Raw Material for Cosmetic Use
Mourelle, M. L., Díaz-Seoane, F., Inoubli, S., Gómez, C. P., & Legido, J. L. (2025) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics12050200 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dissa, A. O., Compaoré, A., Tiendrebeogo, E. S., & Koulidiati, J. (2014) · Drying Technology · doi:10.1080/07373937.2014.897234 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Antiinflammatory Activities of Curcumin and Spirulina: Focus on Their Role against COVID-19
Perna, A., Hay, E., Sellitto, C., Del Genio, E., De Falco, M., Guerra, G., De Luca, A., De Blasiis, P., & Lucariello, A. (2023) · Journal of Dietary Supplements · doi:10.1080/19390211.2023.2173354 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- HERNANDEZCORONA, A., NIEVES, I., MECKES, M., CHAMORRO, G., & BARRON, B.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX)
- Mexican Social Security Institute (MX)
- ORCID
- CHAMORRO, G
- Venue
- Antiviral Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 279-285
- ISSN
- 0166-3542 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972685257
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Antiviral Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Keywords
- Spirulina maxima, antiviral activity, herpes simplex virus type 2, hot water extract, pseudorabies virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1, virucidal effect, solvent polarity, methanol-water extract, selectivity index
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Animals, Antiviral Agents, Chlorocebus aethiops, Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Humans, Viral Plaque Assay, Vero Cells, Virus Replication, Herpesvirus 2, Human
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
