Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities
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Annona muricata is a member of the Annonaceae family and is a fruit tree with a long history of traditional use. A. muricata, also known as soursop, graviola and guanabana, is an evergreen plant that is mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The fruits of A. muricata are extensively used to prepare syrups, candies, beverages, ice creams and shakes. A wide array of ethnomedicinal activities is contributed to different parts of A. muricata, and indigenous communities in Africa and South America extensively use this plant in their folk medicine. Numerous investigations have substantiated these activities, including anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-arthritic, antiparasitic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities. Phytochemical studies reveal that annonaceous acetogenins are the major constituents of A. muricata. More than 100 annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from leaves, barks, seeds, roots and fruits of A. muricata. In view of the immense studies on A. muricata, this review strives to unite available information regarding its phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological activities.
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A. muricata caused a significant increase in Hsp70, which is crucial for healing due to its role in cell proliferation.
“Heat-shock proteins (Hsp70) expressed during the inflammatory phase are crucial for healing due to their role in cell proliferation, and A. muricata caused a significant increase in Hsp70 [2].”
From Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Section 5.13 (Wound Healing Activity; page not provided) reports that topical A. muricata leaf extract promoted healing of excisional wounds in rats and up-regulated Hsp70 during healing. It does not say that the Hsp70 increase was statistically significant or that Hsp70 is crucial to healing because of a role in cell proliferation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA. muricata exhibits hypotensive action, which can reduce blood pressure by blocking calcium ion channels rather than engaging endothelium- and nitric-oxide-dependent mechanisms.
“A. muricata exhibits hypotensive action, which can reduce blood pressure by blocking calcium ion channels rather than engaging endothelium- and nitric-oxide-dependent mechanisms.”
From Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Section 5.7, “Antihypertensive Activity” (page not provided), reports that an aqueous A. muricata leaf extract lowered blood pressure in normotensive rats and suggests a mechanism involving Ca²⁺ antagonism. It does not establish calcium-channel blockade or say that endothelium- and nitric-oxide-dependent mechanisms are excluded. The claim also presents the suggested mechanism more definitively than the review does. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOral administration of A. muricata ethanolic leaf extracts (10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema.
“Oral administration of A. muricata ethanolic leaf extracts (10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema, demonstrating the plant’s anti-inflammatory properties.”
From Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The same extract, administered orally to mice, significantly reduced abdominal contortions generated by acetic acid (0.6% v/v), displaying a potent anti-nociceptive effect.
“The same extract, administered orally to mice, significantly reduced abdominal contortions generated by acetic acid (0.6% v/v), displaying a potent anti-nociceptive effect [2].”
From Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
This plant showed a compromising wound-healing activity, especially from the leaf and bark extract.
“This plant showed a compromising wound-healing activity, especially from the leaf and bark extract [2].”
From Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
There is mounting evidence that A. muricata has anti-cancer properties because of its acetogenin content that has cytotoxic properties, causing apoptosis in cancer cells.
“There is mounting evidence that A. muricata has anti-cancer properties. This is because of its acetogenin content that has cytotoxic properties, causing apoptosis in cancer cells [2].”
From Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
A. muricata leaves are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, including alkaloids, acetogenins, and terpenes.
“From a phytochemical perspective, A. muricata leaves are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, including alkaloids, acetogenins, and terpenes [1,2].”
From Comparative Analysis of Infusions and Ethanolic Extracts of Annona muricata Leaves from Colima, Mexico: Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Moghadamtousi, S., Fadaeinasab, M., Nikzad, S., Mohan, G., Ali, H., & Kadir, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Kadir, Habsah
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-07-10
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 15625-15658
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4519917
- OpenAlex
- W1589548587
- Cited by
- 577
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- Annona muricata, Annonaceae, acetogenins, traditional medicine, ethnomedicine, anticancer activity, anticonvulsant activity, anti-arthritic activity, antiparasitic activity, antimalarial activity, hepatoprotection, antidiabetic activity, phytochemistry, medicinal plants
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, Antioxidants, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Agents, Hypoglycemic Agents, Oils, Volatile, Apoptosis, Annona, Acetogenins
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