A Mixture of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Induces Similar Behavioural Responses, but Different Gene Expression Profiles in Zebrafish Larvae
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widespread in the environment and some may be neurotoxic. As we are exposed to complex mixtures of POPs, we aimed to investigate how a POP mixture based on Scandinavian human blood data affects behaviour and neurodevelopment during early life in zebrafish. Embryos/larvae were exposed to a series of sub-lethal doses and behaviour was examined at 96 h post fertilization (hpf). In order to determine the sensitivity window to the POP mixture, exposure models of 6 to 48 and 48 to 96 hpf were used. The expression of genes related to neurological development was also assessed. Results indicate that the POP mixture increases the swimming speed of larval zebrafish following exposure between 48 to 96 hpf. This behavioural effect was associated with the perfluorinated compounds, and more specifically with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). The expression of genes related to the stress response, GABAergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic systems and neuronal maintenance, were altered. However, there was little overlap in those genes that were significantly altered by the POP mixture and PFOS. Our findings show that the POP mixture and PFOS can have a similar effect on behaviour, yet alter the expression of genes relevant to neurological development differently.
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At concentrations 20 times those measured in the Scandinavian cohort, zebrafish exposed to the mixture containing all the POPs from 48-96 hpf experienced an increase in swimming speed at 96 hpf compared to controls.
“At concentrations 20 × those measured in the Scandinavian cohort, Khezri et al. found that zebrafish exposed to the mixture containing all the POPs from 48–96 hpf experienced an increase in swimming speed at 96 hpf compared to controls (2017).”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Khezri et al., 2017
Results §§2.1 and 2.5 report increased swimming speed at 20× the human serum level and after exposure from 48–96 hpf, respectively. But Methods §4.6 specifies that the 48–96 hpf experiment used the total POP mixture at 100× the human serum level, not 20×. The claim combines results from different exposure conditions. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAll mixtures containing PFOS elicited the same increase in swimming speed at 96 hpf and did not exceed the effect observed in fish exposed to PFOS alone.
“However, all mixtures containing PFOS elicited the same effect at this time point and did not exceed the effect observed in fish exposed to PFOS alone”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Khezri et al., 2017
PFOS was the driving factor in the behavioral response observed in Khezri et al.
“indicating that PFOS was the driving factor in this behavioral response (Khezri et al., 2017).”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Khezri et al., 2017
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Embryonic exposure to PFAS causes long-term, compound-specific behavioral alterations in zebrafish
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Genotoxicity and behavioral alterations induced by retene in adult zebrafish
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Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research
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White-Rot Fungi for Bioremediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminated Soil
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Sand Goby—An Ecologically Relevant Species for Behavioural Ecotoxicology
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- Authors
- Khezri, A., Fraser, T., Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R., Kamstra, J., Berg, V., Zimmer, K., & Ropstad, E.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Khezri, Abdolrahman
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-01-29
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 291
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5343827
- OpenAlex
- W2582682152
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Keywords
- persistent organic pollutants, PFOS, perfluorinated compounds, zebrafish larvae, brain development, behavioral responses, swimming speed, gene expression, neurotoxicity, exposure windows, neurotransmitter systems, stress response genes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Fertilization, Fluorocarbons, Gene Expression Regulation, Larva, Organic Chemicals, Swimming, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Zebrafish, Cluster Analysis, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Gene Expression Profiling, Transcriptome
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