Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Exposure Could Modify the Dopaminergic System in Several Limbic Brain Regions
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is the most representative of a rising class of persistent organic pollutants perfluorochemicals. In the present study, its neurotoxicity was examined using adult male rats orally treated with 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 6.0 mg of PFOS/kg/day for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, the dopamine concentration and its metabolism expressed like the ratio 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/dopamine and homovanillic acid (HVA)/dopamine were measured in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Gene and protein expression of the dopamine receptors D1 and D2 were also determined in these limbic areas. The obtained results suggest that: (1) PFOS can alter the dopamine system by modifying its neuronal activity and/or its D1 and D2 receptors in the studied brain regions; (2) the dopamine concentration and metabolism seem to be more sensitive against PFOS toxicity in the hippocampus than in the other analyzed brain areas; (3) the inhibited gene and protein expression of the D1 receptors induced by PFOS in the amygdala could be related to several changes in the HPA axis activity, and lastly; (4) the observed alterations on the dopamine system induced by PFOS could be a possible neurotoxicity mechanism of PFOS, leading to many neurological diseases.
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There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the direction of change for dopamine levels with PFAS exposure, with dopamine increasing in some studies and decreasing in others.
“There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the direction of change for dopamine levels with dopamine increasing with PFAS exposure in some studies and decreasing in others”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Salgado et al., 2016
Within the same study, expression of dopamine receptors changed with PFOS exposure in a subtype-specific (D1-like versus D2-like receptors) and brain region-specific manner across the amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex.
“within the same study expression of dopamine receptors changed with PFOS exposure in a subtype-specific (D1-like versus D2-like receptors) and brain region-specific manner, across the amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex (Salgado et al., 2016).”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Salgado et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Salgado, R., López-Doval, S., Pereiro, N., & Lafuente, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Vigo (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Lafuente, A.
- ORCID
- Lafuente, A.
- Venue
- Toxicology Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 240
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 226-235
- ISSN
- 0378-4274 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1914863002
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (AGL200909061)
- Xunta de Galicia (INCITE09383314PR)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- PFOS, neurotoxicity, dopaminergic system, dopamine metabolism, dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, persistent organic pollutants, perfluorochemicals
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fluorocarbons, Hippocampus, Homovanillic Acid, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prefrontal Cortex, Receptors, Dopamine D1, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Rats
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