The Influence of Food Intake Specificity in Children with Autism on Gut Microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex of neurodevelopmental conditions with increasing incidence. The microbiota of children with ASD is distinct from neurotypical children, their food habits are also different, and it is known that nutrient intake influences microbiota in a specific way. Thus, this study investigates the food habits of children with ASD and their association with the gut microbiota. Children with ASD had their dietary energy intakes similar to controls, but they more often demonstrated food selectivity, which seemed to result in deficiency of micronutrients such as vitamins K, B6, C, iron, cooper, docosahexaenoic and docosapentanoic acid. Using high-throughput sequencing, a DNA library of intestinal microbiota was performed. Core microbiota was similar in children with and without ASD, but Dichelobacter, Nitriliruptor and Constrictibacter were found to be putative markers of ASD. The changes in gut microbiota that we observed in connection to food selectivity, intake of fats and omega-3 in particular, fermented milk products and animal/plant protein consumption had similar character, independent of diagnosis. However, high fibre intake was connected with a decreased α-diversity only in children with ASD. High carbohydrate and fibre intake influenced β-diversity, changing the abundance of Bacteroides and other genera, many of them members of the Clostidiaceae. Modulating food habits of ASD children can influence their gut microbiota composition.
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In an earlier survey, children with ASD who were food selective had more GI symptoms compared to children free of food selectivity.
“Similarly, in our earlier survey, children with ASD who were food selective, had more GI symptoms compared to children free of food selectivity [42].”
The most frequently omitted food group is vegetables, followed by fruits.
“The most frequently omitted food group is vegetables, followed by fruits [16,42].”
NCWS causes the exacerbation of intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, which disappear once wheat is eliminated from the diet.
“NCWS causes the exacerbation of intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, which disappear once wheat, or the food that contains it, is eliminated from the diet.”
From Food Selectivity and Its Implications Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
It is common for people with NCWS (but without ASD) to exhibit behavioral disturbances in response to wheat consumption, such as a foggy mind, headaches, depression, and sleep disturbances.
“It is common for people with NCWS (but without ASD) to exhibit behavioral disturbances in response to wheat consumption, such as a foggy mind, headaches, depression, and sleep disturbances [73].”
From Food Selectivity and Its Implications Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Tomova, A., Soltys, K., Kemenyova, P., Karhanek, M., & Babinska, K.
- Affiliations
- Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
- Comenius University, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Corresponding author
- Tomova, Aleksandra
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-04-17
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2797
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7215614
- OpenAlex
- W3016679588
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV (1-0286-18)
- Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja (15-0085, 15-0045)
- Comenius University Science Park in Bratislava (26240220086)
- REVOGENE (26240220067)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, gut microbiota, picky eating, dietary habits, micronutrient deficiency, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, carbohydrate intake, alpha diversity, beta diversity, Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae, fermented milk, protein intake, children
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bacteria, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA, Bacterial, Eating, Food Analysis, Humans, Male, Rhodospirillaceae, Case-Control Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Dichelobacter nodosus, Actinobacteria, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
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