Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial
Open accessAbstract
Objective To investigate whether diets differing in fat content alter the gut microbiota and faecal metabolomic profiles, and to determine their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults whose diet is in a transition from a traditional low-fat diet to a diet high in fat and reduced in carbohydrate. Methods In a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial, 217 healthy young adults (aged 18–35 years; body mass index <28 kg/m 2 ; 52% women) who completed the whole trial were included. All the foods were provided during the intervention period. The three isocaloric diets were: a lower-fat diet (fat 20% energy), a moderate-fat diet (fat 30% energy) and a higher-fat diet (fat 40% energy). The effects of the dietary interventions on the gut microbiota, faecal metabolomics and plasma inflammatory factors were investigated. Results The lower-fat diet was associated with increased α-diversity assessed by the Shannon index (p=0.03), increased abundance of Blautia (p=0.007) and Faecalibacterium (p=0.04), whereas the higher-fat diet was associated with increased Alistipes (p=0.04), Bacteroides (p<0.001) and decreased Faecalibacterium (p=0.04). The concentration of total short-chain fatty acids was significantly decreased in the higher-fat diet group in comparison with the other groups (p<0.001). The cometabolites p-cresol and indole, known to be associated with host metabolic disorders, were decreased in the lower-fat diet group. In addition, the higher-fat diet was associated with faecal enrichment in arachidonic acid and the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway as well as elevated plasma proinflammatory factors after the intervention. Conclusion Higher-fat consumption by healthy young adults whose diet is in a state of nutrition transition appeared to be associated with unfavourable changes in gut microbiota, faecal metabolomic profiles and plasma proinflammatory factors, which might confer adverse consequences for long-term health outcomes. Trial registration number NCT02355795 ; Results.
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A recent controlled feeding study in Chinese adults showed that adopting a higher-fat, lower-carbohydrate diet led to unfavorable changes in gut microbiota, fecal metabolomic profiles, and plasma proinflammatory factors.
“While a recent controlled feeding study in Chinese adults showed that adopting a higherfat, lower-carbohydrate diet led to unfavorable changes in gut microbiota, fecal metabolomic profiles, and plasma proinflammatory factors (130)”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [130]
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- Authors
- Wan, Y., Wang, F., Yuan, J., Li, J., Jiang, D., Zhang, J., Li, H., Wang, R., Tang, J., Huang, T., Zheng, J., Sinclair, A. J., Mann, J., & Li, D.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- Chinese PLA General Hospital (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Monash University (AU)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Qingdao University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Duo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-02-19
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1417-1429
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- OpenAlex
- W2915433988
- Cited by
- 598
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 32
- FWCI
- 26.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Basic Research Program of China
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- dietary fat, gut microbiota, fecal metabolomics, cardiometabolic risk factors, nutrition transition, low-fat diet, high-fat diet, short-chain fatty acids, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Alistipes, Bacteroides, p-cresol, indole, arachidonic acid, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, pro-inflammatory factors, plasma inflammatory markers, healthy young adults
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Faecalibacterium, Adult, Bacteroides, Cardiovascular Diseases, China, Dietary Fats, Feces, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Nutritional Status, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Metabolomics, Diet, High-Fat, Healthy Volunteers
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