The Metabolic Features of Osteoblasts: Implications for Multiple Myeloma (MM) Bone Disease
Open accessAbstract
The study of osteoblast (OB) metabolism has recently received increased attention due to the considerable amount of energy used during the bone remodeling process. In addition to glucose, the main nutrient for the osteoblast lineages, recent data highlight the importance of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in providing the fuel necessary for the proper functioning of OBs. Among the amino acids, it has been reported that OBs are largely dependent on glutamine (Gln) for their differentiation and activity. In this review, we describe the main metabolic pathways governing OBs’ fate and functions, both in physiological and pathological malignant conditions. In particular, we focus on multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease, which is characterized by a severe imbalance in OB differentiation due to the presence of malignant plasma cells into the bone microenvironment. Here, we describe the most important metabolic alterations involved in the inhibition of OB formation and activity in MM patients.
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Cancer cells primarily use glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids to meet their biosynthetic needs.
“In other words, cancer cells primarily use glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids to meet their biosynthetic needs [49–52].”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
Section 5.3 says glucose and glutamine are two main nutrients cancer cells use for energy, and Section 4.1 links tumor-cell glucose metabolism to production of molecules needed for cell division. The paper’s fatty-acid discussion in Section 4.2 concerns osteoblasts, not cancer cells; it does not support the claim that cancer cells primarily use fatty acids for biosynthesis. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOsteoblasts and progenitors use different amino acids such as proline, methionine, arginine and tryptophan in their metabolism to support anabolic functions during bone formation and mineralization.
“Many studies have shown that OBs and progenitors use different amino acids such as proline, methionine, arginine and tryptophan in their metabolism to support anabolic functions during bone formation and mineralization [49].”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
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Regulation of bone homeostasis: signaling pathways and therapeutic targets
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Hydrogel Biomaterial in Bone Tissue Engineering
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- Authors
- Lungu, O., Toscani, D., Burroughs-Garcia, J., & Giuliani, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Giuliani, Nicola
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-03-03
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 4893
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10003241
- OpenAlex
- W4323045880
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- International Myeloma Society (IMS) (IG2017 n. 20299)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Bone health and treatments
- Keywords
- bone remodeling, glutamine, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, osteogenic differentiation, bone microenvironment, malignant plasma cells, energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Bone and Bones, Bone Diseases, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Multiple Myeloma, Osteoblasts, Tumor Microenvironment
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