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Cited by 9Dermatology and Skin DiseasesSkin Protection and AgingAdvancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Keratinocytes Treated with Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, a Beneficial Cosmetic Ingredient

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Nakajima, Akiko, Sakae, Nahoko, Yan, Xianghong, Hakozaki, Tomohiro, Zhao, Wenzhu, Laughlin, Timothy, Furue, Masutaka·2022·Journal of Clinical Medicine
DOI 10.3390/jcm11164645PMC PMC9409768
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Abstract

Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF, Pitera™) is a cosmetic ingredient known to have multiple skin care benefits, such as reducing redness and pore size via the topical application of its moisturizer form. Although GFF is known to act partly as an antioxidative agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), its significance in keratinocyte biology is not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of GFF-treated human keratinocytes. Three different lots of GFF consistently modulated 99 (22 upregulated and 77 downregulated) genes, including upregulating cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), a specific downstream gene for AHR activation. GFF also enhanced the expression of epidermal differentiation/barrier-related genes, such as small proline-rich proteins 1A and 1B (SPRR1A and SPRR1B), as well as wound healing-related genes such as serpin B2 (SERPINB2). Genes encoding components of tight junctions claudin-1 (CLDN1) and claudin-4 (CLDN4) were also target genes upregulated in the GFF-treated keratinocytes. In contrast, the three lots of GFF consistently downregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes such as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R). These results highlight the beneficial properties of GFF in maintaining keratinocyte homeostasis.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nakajima, A., Sakae, N., Yan, X., Hakozaki, T., Zhao, W., Laughlin, T., & Furue, M.
Affiliations
  • Procter & Gamble Japan K.K. (Japan) (JP)
  • Procter & Gamble (United States) (US)
  • Kyushu University (JP)
Corresponding author
Nakajima, Akiko
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-08-09
Volume
11
Issue
16
Pages
4645
ISSN
2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/jcm11164645
PMC
PMC9409768
OpenAlex
W4293512621
Cited by
9
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Keywords
keratinocytes, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, CYP1A1, epidermal differentiation, skin barrier, tight junctions, claudin-1, claudin-4, wound healing, inflammation, CXCL14, IL-6 receptor, gene expression profiling, cosmetic ingredients

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