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The Immunomodulatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Mediated via Paracrine Activity
Open accessAbstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) exist in almost all tissues, possessing the potential to differentiate into specialized cell types and exert immunomodulatory functions. Thus, they have attracted much attention as a promising therapeutic candidate. Recent studies have demonstrated that paracrine signaling is mainly responsible for the involvement of MSCs in the modulation of immune responses and the progression of diseases. Through release of secretome consisting of a diverse range of cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), MSCs convey regulatory messages to recipient immune cells in the microenvironment. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in how MSCs contribute to immunomodulation through the secretion of paracrine factors. The further improved understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions between MSCs and immune cells highlights the paracrine biology of MSCs in the modulation of the immune microenvironment and promotes the clinical application of MSCs in regenerative medicine and immune diseases.
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“by releasing IL-6 [42], TSG-6 [62] and superoxide dismutase (SOD3) [63], BM-MSCs can reduce apoptosis of neutrophils that are resting or activated [42]”
From Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Xiao, Z., & Ochiya, T.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering (CN)
- National Cancer Center Research Institute (JP)
- Tokyo Medical University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ochiya, Takahiro
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-07-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1025
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6678920
- OpenAlex
- W2958669483
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Project for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Evolution (17cm0106402h0002)
- MEXT KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)) (17H04991)
- China Scholarship Council (201706090122)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulation, paracrine signaling, secretome, extracellular vesicles, cytokines, chemokines, immune microenvironment, regenerative medicine, immune disorders
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