Psychological support interventions for healthcare providers and informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of the literature
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BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers and informal caregivers were at an increased risk of adverse mental health effects. This systematic review provides a summary of the available evidence on the content and efficacy of the psychological support interventions in increasing mental health among healthcare providers and informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, PsychINFO, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for relevant articles, and the methodological quality of selected articles was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. RESULTS: A search of electronic databases identified five reports based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All psychological support interventions for caregivers were delivered digitally. Despite the large heterogeneity of the selected studies, the findings support the efficacy of mental health interventions in reducing distress and burnout, while promoting self-efficacy and well-being in both healthcare providers and informal caregivers. CONCLUSION: Since mental health problems are expected to increase during, and as a result of, the COVID-19 pandemic, and digital tools might offer a range of mental health treatments to meet the unique and immediate needs of people, further research is needed to test the cost-effectiveness of digital psychological interventions.
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Results from systematic reviews indicate that psychological interventions could be effective in the management of EDs in the context of COVID-19 conditions.
“Results from these systematic reviews indicate that psychological interventions could be effective in the management of EDs in the context of COVID-19 conditions, however, some needs are not properly addressed.”
From Unified Protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with post COVID-19 condition: study protocol for a multiple baseline n-of-1 trial (2023) · cites this paper as Bertuzzi et al., 2021
The Abstract and Discussion report that psychological interventions during COVID-19 could improve mental health among healthcare providers and informal caregivers. But the Results (§3.3) discuss an educational intervention for caregivers of young people with eating disorders, not treatment of the eating disorders themselves; that study found no significant reduction in caregivers’ anxiety or depression. The review therefore does not establish effectiveness in managing EDs. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPsychological interventions are available in the context of COVID-19 for the general population, students, professionals, informal caregivers, relatives, and COVID-19 patients.
“Different systematic reviews indicated that psychological interventions are available in the context of COVID-19 for the general population and students (D’Onofrio et al., 2022; Komariah et al., 2022), professionals and informal caregivers (Bertuzzi et al., 2021), relatives (Yue et al., 2020), or even COVID-19 patients (Rahmati and Khalili, 2022).”
From Unified Protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with post COVID-19 condition: study protocol for a multiple baseline n-of-1 trial (2023) · cites this paper as Bertuzzi et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Bertuzzi, V., Semonella, M., Bruno, D., Manna, C., Edbrook-Childs, J., Giusti, E. M., Castelnuovo, G., & Pietrabissa, G.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Evidence-Based Practices Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London N1 6EB, UK
- Corresponding author
- Giusti, Emanuele M.
- Pietrabissa, Giada
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-06-28
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 6939
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8297206
- OpenAlex
- W3174669183
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- psychological support interventions, healthcare workers, informal caregivers, COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, burnout, distress, self-efficacy, well-being, digital interventions, telemedicine
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, Humans, Caregivers, Pandemics
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