Cited by 1,615COVID-19 and Mental HealthMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMental Health Treatment and Access

The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public – A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Luo, Min, Guo, Lixia, Yu, Mingzhou, Jiang, Wenying, Wang, Haiyan·2020·Psychiatry Research

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused enormous psychological impact worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the psychological and mental impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers, the general population, and patients with higher COVID-19 risk published between 1 Nov 2019 to 25 May 2020. We conducted literature research using Embase, PubMed, Google scholar and WHO COVID-19 databases. Among the initial search of 9207 studies, 62 studies with 162,639 participants from 17 countries were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% (95% confidence interval: 28%-38%) and 28% (23%-32%), respectively. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was the highest among patients with pre-existing conditions and COVID-19 infection (56% [39%-73%] and 55% [48%-62%]), and it was similar between healthcare workers and the general public. Studies from China, Italy, Turkey, Spain and Iran reported higher-than-pooled prevalence among healthcare workers and the general public. Common risk factors included being women, being nurses, having lower socioeconomic status, having high risks of contracting COVID-19, and social isolation. Protective factors included having sufficient medical resources, up-to-date and accurate information, and taking precautionary measures. In conclusion, psychological interventions targeting high-risk populations with heavy psychological distress are in urgent need.

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  1. Wang C Pan R Wan X Tan Y Xu L Ho CS Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19) epidemic among the general population in China Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17 5 2020 1729 10.3390/ijerph17051729 PMC7084952 32155789 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Zhang Y Ma ZF. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning province, China: a cross-sectional study Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17 7 2020 2381 10.3390/ijerph17072381 PMC7177660 32244498 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Cao W Fang Z Hou G Han M Xu X Dong J The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China Psychiatry Res. 287 2020 112934 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 PMC7102633 32229390 · DOI · Paper page

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Authors
Luo, M., Guo, L., Yu, M., Jiang, W., & Wang, H.
Affiliations
  • Chinese People's Liberation Army (CN)
  • Army Medical University (CN)
Corresponding author
Wang, Haiyan
Venue
Psychiatry Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-09
Volume
291
Pages
113190
ISSN
0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3033373145
Cited by
1,615
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 168 · 2023: 255 · 2022: 449 · 2021: 536 · 2020: 96
FWCI
26.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, psychological impact, mental health, anxiety, depression, healthcare workers, general public, high-risk patients, pre-existing conditions, nurses, socioeconomic status, social isolation, risk factors, protective factors, psychological intervention
MeSH terms
Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anxiety, China, Depression, Health Personnel, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Prevalence, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics

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