CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 484Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 243 of the 243 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research

Open access
Khan, Radia, Chua, Zoey, Tan, Jia, Yang, Yingying, Liao, Zehuan, Zhao, Yan·2019·Medicina
DOI 10.3390/medicina55090546PMC PMC6780236
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Diabetes, a silent killer, is one of the most widely prevalent conditions of the present time. According to the 2017 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) statistics, the global prevalence of diabetes among the age group of 20–79 years is 8.8%. In addition, 1 in every 2 persons is unaware of the condition. This unawareness and ignorance lead to further complications. Pre-diabetes is the preceding condition of diabetes, and in most of the cases, this ultimately leads to the development of diabetes. Diabetes can be classified into three types, namely type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes. The diagnosis of both pre-diabetes and diabetes is based on glucose criteria; the common modalities used are fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A glucometer is commonly used by diabetic patients to measure blood glucose levels with fast and rather accurate measurements. A few of the more advanced and minimally invasive modalities include the glucose-sensing patch, SwEatch, eyeglass biosensor, breath analysis, etc. Despite a considerable amount of data being collected and analyzed regarding diabetes, the actual molecular mechanism of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unknown. Both genetic and epigenetic factors are associated with T2DM. The complications of diabetes can predominantly be classified into two categories: microvascular and macrovascular. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are grouped under microvascular complications, whereas stroke, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) belong to macrovascular complications. Unfortunately, until now, no complete cure for diabetes has been found. However, the treatment of pre-diabetes has shown significant success in preventing the further progression of diabetes. To prevent pre-diabetes from developing into T2DM, lifestyle intervention has been found to be very promising. Various aspects of diabetes, including the aforementioned topics, have been reviewed in this paper.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/medicina55090546

Cites

243 of 243 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 A cross-section image of the parts of human body that can be affected by diabetic complications. Image of human body generated using Chembiodraw (v. Ultra 14.0).
Figure 1 A cross-section image of the parts of human body that can be affected by diabetic complications. Image of human body generated using Chembiodraw (v. Ultra 14.0).CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Items 201–243 of 243

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Sazonov, E., and Neuman, M.R. (2014). Chapter 2.1—Wearable Bio and Chemical Sensors. Wearable Sensors, Academic Press.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 484

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Khan, R., Chua, Z., Tan, J., Yang, Y., Liao, Z., & Zhao, Y.
Affiliations
  • Nanyang Technological University (SG)
  • Tongji University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Liao, Zehuan
  • Zhao, Yan
ORCID
Venue
Medicina
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-08-29
Volume
55
Issue
9
Pages
546
ISSN
  • 1010-660X (ISSN-L)
  • 1648-9144
DOI
10.3390/medicina55090546
PMC
PMC6780236
OpenAlex
W2971340278
Cited by
484
References
243
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 3
FWCI
5.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Medicina (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Nanyang Technological University (SBS18005)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetes diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose monitoring, diabetes complications, microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, genetic and epigenetic factors, lifestyle intervention, diabetes prevention, gestational diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, Diabetes Complications, Translational Research, Biomedical

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review