Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Health: A Narrative Review
Open accessAbstract
Background: Breathing is an essential part of life. Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) is slow and deep breathing that affects the brain and the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems through the modulation of autonomic nervous functions. However, the effects of DB on human health need to be further investigated. Methods: The author conducted a PubMed search regarding the current evidence of the effect of DB on health. Results: This review consists of a total of 10 systematic reviews and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DB appears to be effective for improving the exercise capacity and respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the effect of DB on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with asthma needs to be investigated, it may also help in reducing stress; treating eating disorders, chronic functional constipation, hypertension, migraine, and anxiety; and improving the QoL of patients with cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients with heart failure. Conclusions: Based on this narrative review, the exact usefulness of DB in clinical practice is unclear due to the poor quality of studies. However, it may be a feasible and practical treatment method for various disorders.
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Evening exposure to bright or blue-enriched light suppresses melatonin production, delays sleep onset, and reduces overall sleep efficiency, whereas warm, dim lighting and blue-light filters during evening hours minimize circadian disruption.
“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrate that evening exposure to bright or blue-enriched light suppresses melatonin production, delays sleep onset, and reduces overall sleep efficiency by signaling the brain to remain alert, whereas warm, dim lighting and blue-light filters on electronic devices during evening hours minimized circadian disruption [49].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [49]
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Sewall, H., & Pollard, M. E. (1890) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1890.sp000327 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Respiratory physiotherapy: towards a clearer definition of terminology
Bruton, A., Garrod, R., & Thomas, M. D. (2011) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2010.12.005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Diaphragmatic breathing training and walking performance in chronic airways obstruction
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Atendimento fisioterapêutico no pós-operatório imediato de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal
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Lung Ventilation During Diaphragmatic Breathing
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Changed dynamic ventilation parameters as a result of a breathing exercise intervention program
Bahenský, P., Malátová, R., & Bunc, V. (2019) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09483-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Relaxation: Its effect on the nutritional status and performance status of clients with cancer
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Breathing exercises for children with asthma
Chaves, G., de Macêdo, T. M. F., de Freitas, D. A., Britto, R. R., & de Mendonça, K. M. P. P. (2015) · doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa965 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Pressure-volume relationships in emphysema patients before and after breathing exercises.
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The effect of respiratory kinesiotherapy in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery
Fernandes, C., Gastaldi, A. C., & Ribeiro, S. L. (2008) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
EVIDENCE UNDERLYING CARDIOPULMONARY PHYSICAL THERAPY IN STABLE COPD
Dechman, G., & Wilson, C. R. (2002) · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal · doi:10.1097/01823246-200213020-00006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lausin, G., & Gouilly, P. (2009) · Kinésithérapie la Revue · doi:10.1016/s1779-0123(09)70776-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Mitsea, E., Drigas, A. S., & Skianis, C. (2022) · Technium Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.47577/tssj.v29i1.6145 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Breathing: a Powerfull Tool for Physical & Neuropsychological Regulation. The role of Mobile Apps
Drigas, A. S., & Mitsea, E. (2022) · Technium Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.47577/tssj.v28i1.5922 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Slow breathing for reducing stress: The effect of extending exhale
Birdee, G. S., Nelson, K., Wallston, K., Nian, H., Diedrich, A., Paranjape, S. Y., Abraham, R. L., & Gamboa, A. C. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102937 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Breath Tools: A Synthesis of Evidence-Based Breathing Strategies to Enhance Human Running
Harbour, E. T., STÖGGL, T. L., Schwameder, H., & Finkenzeller, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.813243 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“…diaphragmatic breathing is correlated with various positive health benefits, including reduced resting heart rate, post-exercise oxidative stress, increased postural control, and baroreflex sensitivity (Hazlett-Stevens and Craske, 2009; Martarelli et al., 2011; Nelson, 2012; Hamasaki, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuromodulation Applied to Diseases: The Case of HRV Biofeedback
Gitler, A., Vanacker, L., Couck, M., Leeuw, I. D., & Gidron, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11195927 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Muscle tension in the abdominal area, pelvis, and lower back tends to restrict movement of the diaphragm, thus requiring the use of the accessory muscles of the chest and shoulders for breathing [69].”
BackgroundMitsea, E., Drigas, A. S., & Skianis, C. A. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13122253 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Keller, B. A., Receno, C. N., Franconi, C. J., Harenberg, S., Stevens, J., Mao, X., Stevens, S. R., Moore, G., Levine, S. M., Chia, J. K. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05410-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Slow breathing can reduce blood pressure in low-risk hypertensive and prehypertensive patients [173], hypertensive diabetics [174], and improve respiratory function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reduce stress, anxiety, constipation, migraine, and other ANS-asso-ciated maladies.”
BackgroundDeep breathing exercise at work: Potential applications and impact
Tavoian, D., & Craighead, D. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1040091 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“There is also limited evidence that these physiological adaptations have a beneficial effect on some common health disorders, including gastrointestinal disorders, migraines, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma (Hamasaki, 2020), and may improve sleep quality when performed prior to going to bed (Tsai et…”
BackgroundJeong, G.-H., & Lee, B. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13061612 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Furthermore, Hamasaki’s review examined the effects of DB on various health outcomes, such as anxiety, quality of life in cancer patients, physical activity in heart failure patients, and migraine [49].”
BackgroundChen, Y., Li, P., Wang, J., Wu, W., & Liu, X. (2022) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s338583 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effect of a single session of yoga and meditation on stress reactivity: A systematic review
Mandlik, G. V., Siopis, G., Nguyen, B., Ding, D., & Edwards, K. M. (2023) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3324 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Illidi, C. R., Romer, L. M., Johnson, M. A., Williams, N. C., Rossiter, H. B., Casaburi, R. H., & Tiller, N. B. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05166-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gitler, A., Yosef, Y. B., Kotzer, U., & Levine, A. (2025) · Medicine International · doi:10.3892/mi.2025.236 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Makaracı, M., Makaracı, Y., Zorba, E., & Lautenbach, F. (2024) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125241274834 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Throughout this phase, athletes were instructed to engage in deep diaphragmatic breathing, a fundamental technique in relaxation-based practices (Hamasaki, 2020), while visualizing a serene place through positive imagery.”
Barba, E., Livovsky, D. M., Accarino, A. M., & Azpiroz, F. (2024) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Stairway to Heaven: A Gamified VR Journey for Breath Awareness
Miner, N., Abdollahi, A., Myers, C., Kosa, M., Ghaednia, H., Schwab, J. H., Harteveld, C., & Troiano, G. M. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3641986 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Amiri, B., & Zemková, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1220464 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Correct and balanced diaphragm performance has been shown to help maintain abdominal pressure and smooth respiration Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org02 (Russo et al., 2017; Hamasaki, 2020).”
BackgroundEffect of Singing on Symptoms in Stable COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fang, X., Qiao, Z., Yu, X., Tian, R., Liu, K., & Han, W. (2022) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s382037 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing—Anatomical and Biomechanical Consideration
Liu, H., Wiedman, C. M., Lovelace-Chandler, V., Gong, S., & Salem, Y. (2023) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/08980101221149866 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“During the time, the practitioner can place one hand on the abdomen and the other hand on the chest to ensure the abdominal puf fi ng up with deep inspiration and sinking-in with deep expiration (Bao et al., 2020; Hamasaki, 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAdvances in pulmonary rehabilitation for children with bronchial asthma
Qian, K., Xu, H., Chen, Z., & Zheng, Y. (2023) · Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0081 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pertab, J. L., Merkley, T. L., Winiarski, H. R., Cramond, K. M. J., & Cramond, A. J. (2025) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm15010033 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wang, F., & Ali, S. K. S. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000037566 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“[56,57] Abdominal breathing triggers body relaxation responses and benefit a person’s mental health by reducing negative affect and enforcing emotional improvement.”
BackgroundYang, H., Chan, Y.-A., Yu, B., Hung, Y.-P., Markopoulos, P., & Liang, R.-H. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715336.3735713 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Rockstroh et al. [62] gamified respiratory biofeedback to teach diaphragmatic breathing in an immersive virtual environment [24].”
The Effect Of Relaxing A Deep Breath On Anxiety Levels
Sajidah, H., Khairunnisa, S., & Nabila, C. (2021) · KESANS International Journal of Health and Science · doi:10.54543/kesans.v1i2.15 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Modification of Lifestyle to Recover from Post-COVID Symptoms: A Short Review
Saha, S., & Sharma, K. (2022) · Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.113 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“domen to feel the inflation and deflation of abdomen during slow, deep inhalation through nose and exhalation through mouth simultaneously [17].”
BackgroundBao, Q., Lei, S., Guo, S., Wang, Z., Yu, J., You, Y., Zhang, N., & Xie, X. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12062150 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“A recent study found that diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing, a fundamental procedure during meditation in Tai Chi, could improve dyspnea and daily physical activity, and further maintain or improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients with HF [68].”
BackgroundÖzkan, Ö., & Korkut, S. (2024) · Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2023.11.006 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kusumawardani, R. I., Tinduh, D., Andriati, Poerwandari, D., Marhana, I. A., & Melaniani, S. (2023) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i1.3956 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rashed, S. S., Okeel, F. M., Yousef, A. M., Kamel, K. M., & Osman, D. A. (2024) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.2100 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“For the diaphragmatic breathing exercise in group B, participants lay in the supine position, overlapping hands on the abdominal diaphragm, and performed slow deep inhalations through the nose, followed by slow exhalations through partially closed lips (Hamasaki, 2020).”
Decker, S., Horváth, T., Takács, J., & Koller, Á. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13247825 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zeng, S.-T., Chen, L., & Lan, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-92419-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Review Article: Individualised Management of Reflux‐Like Symptoms—Strategies Beyond Acid Suppression
Kahrilas, P. J., Keefer, L., Yadlapati, R. H., Anastasiou, F., Heidelbaugh, J. J., Howden, C. W., Mendive, J. M., Savarino, E. V., Udrescu, M., & Hungin, A. P. S. (2025) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70115 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“In addition to its activation of the parasympathetic nervous system during high stress or symptom-triggering situations [71], it increases lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and crural diaphragm tension and may be especially useful for patients with regurgitation [35, 63].”
Amiri, B., & Zemková, E. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98284-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Proper and balanced diaphragm function supports maintaining abdominal pressure and smooth respiration 28 .”
InfluentialInduced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors
Sánchez-Solís, A. M., Peláez-Hernández, V., Santiago-Fuentes, L. M., Rodríguez, G. L. L., Lagos, J. J. R., & Orea‐Tejeda, A. (2023) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e25060874 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The revision conducted by Hamasaki concluded that diaphragmatic breathing improved the respiratory function of patients with COPD, reduced stress and anxiety symptoms by stimulating vagal activation, and enhanced cardiorespiratory performance in patients with heart failure [69].”
BackgroundNiu, S., Zhang, T., Li, W., Wen, S., Dong, L., Wang, S., Shi, W., Shi, C., Shen, Y., Huang, Q., et al. (2024) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-024-02783-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The use of DEP training can directly or indirectly regulate the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and is used in GERD, anxiety and other diseases [12, 14, 42].”
BackgroundNelwati, N., & Noviyani, D. (2024) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102548 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Coming up for air: Breathwork practice for stress management in the healthcare setting
Shaw-Metz, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice · doi:10.1016/j.xjep.2022.100594 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of Yoga for Coping with Premenstrual Symptoms in Taiwan—A Cluster Randomized Study
Chang, H.-C., Cheng, Y.-C., Yang, C.-H. A., Tzeng, Y., & Chen, C. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11081193 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Respiratory Movements at Different Ages
Bai, Z.-M., Sun, Y.-T., Liang, W.-M., Truskauskaitė, I., Yan, M.-E., Li, C.-R., Xiao, J., Aihemaiti, M., Yuan, L., & Ruksenas, O. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59061024 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tsakona, P., Kitsatis, I., Apostolou, T. S., Papadopoulou, O., & Hristara-Papadopoulou, A. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12010059 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“It also improved the QoL of patients with cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [17], and it increased the cardiorespiratory capacity of patients with heart failure, making it a treatment method for various disorders [7].”
InfluentialThe effect of breathing exercises on adults' sleep quality: an intervention that works
Steinmane, V., & Fernāte, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2025.1603713 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
CGRP Antagonism and Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Migraine
Finelli, F., Catalano, A. A., Lisa, M. D., Ferraro, G. A., Genovese, S., Giuzio, F., Salvia, R., Scieuzo, C., Sinicropi, M. S., Svolacchia, F., et al. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60010163 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Moreover, the practice of activities such as yoga, diaphragmatic breathing, chromotherapy courses, and music therapy may represent useful aids in the prevention of migraines [105–110].”
BackgroundMosa, H. E. S., El-Bready, H. G., El-Sol, A. E. S. H., Bayomy, H. E.-S., Taman, R. O., & Shehata, H. S. (2024) · Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.1177/22799036241231788 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“23 Concerning patients’ GERD health-related quality of life, the fifth hypothesis was accepted because the present study showed significant improvements in the total mean scores of both heartburn and regurgitation post-intervention by two and four months compared with pre-intervention.”
ResultBodart, A., Invernizzi, S., Leener, M. D., Lefèbvre, L., & Rossignol, M. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14632 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stress Resilience Program for Health Care Professionals During a Pandemic: A Pilot Program
Croghan, I. T., Hurt, R. T., Fokken, S. C., Fischer, K. M., Lindeen, S. A., Schroeder, D. R., Ganesh, R., Ghosh, K., Bausek, N., & Bauer, B. A. (2022) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/21650799221093775 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Breathing interventions including yoga breathing (pranayama; Brown & Gerbarg, 2009), Diaphragmatic (Deep) Breathing (Hamasaki, 2020; Hooper et al., 2018), and respiratory muscle training (RMT) may aid with stress and anxiety and decrease cardiovascular disease risk (Arnold et al.”
InfluentialVrouva, S., Sopidou, V., Koutsioumpa, E., Chanopoulos, K., Nikolopoulou, A., Papatsimpas, V., & Koumantakis, G. Α. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10122426 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The recommended rate is 4 s for the inspiratory, and 5 s for the expiratory phase of breathing, respectively [25], and repetitions at a slow rate [26].”
Suharti, A., Hidayati, E. R. N., & Yusviani, H. A. (2022) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3579 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Respireal: Enriching Human-Nature Connection through a Breath-Controlled Mixed Reality Experience
Luo, H., Zhao, P., Wang, H., van Rheden, V., Patibanda, R., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Elvitigala, D. S., & Mueller, F. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715668.3736338 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“” Breath control typically encompasses techniques such as interval breathing [15], box breathing [13], and rhythmic breathing [25].”
The role of breathing techniques in the management of asthma: a systematic review
Zafar, S. N., Khalid, M., Jamil, A., Butt, S. K., Manzoor, A., & Nadeem, M. (2024) · Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · doi:10.47391/jpma.8595 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hu, T., Zhang, X., Millham, R. C., Xu, L., & Wu, W. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25030690 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Future research endeavors will focus on expanding the sample size and conducting more diversified experimental validations.”
Proeschold‐Bell, R. J., Eagle, D. E., Tice, L. C., Platt, A. C., Yao, J., Larkins, J. S., Kim, E. T., & Rash, J. A. (2024) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibae017 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The goal of the Stress Proofing breathing exercises was to lower heart rate and impact the autonomic nervous system; other studies have found that diaphragmatic breathing decreases diastolic and systolic blood pressure, salivary cortisol, respiratory rate, and anxiety symptoms, although researchers have called for mor…”
Effect of deep diaphragmatic breathing on pain in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers
Rezaei, M., Salari, N., Aznab, M., Jasmi, S. V., Abdi, A., & Shohaimi, S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40283 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Understanding the Needs of Primary School Teachers in Supporting Their Students' Emotion Regulation
Petrovic, J., Mettler, J., Argento, A., Carsley, D., Bloom, E. L., Sullivan, S., & Heath, N. L. (2022) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13191 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ishii, N., Tomita, K., Takeshima, R., Kawamura, K., Setaka, Y., Yoshida, R., & Imura, S. (2021) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abdelkhalek, D. Y., Sheta, H. A. E.-S., & Omran, E. S. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Science Benha University/Journal of Nursing Science Benha University · doi:10.21608/jnsbu.2024.343706 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Erol, B. N., Gürşen, C., Mümüşoğlu, S., & Özgül, S. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13161954 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Diaphragmatic breathing exercises have been shown to modulate pain by enhancing vagal activity within the autonomic nervous system [10,11] while stretching exercises have been demonstrated to activate endogenous pain modulation and increase local pelvic blood flow through biomechanical and…”
Ristovski, A., Kapeleti, M., Zlatović, I., & Mrdaković, V. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10030325 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Research on the effects of breathing exercises on the musculoskeletal, nervous, cardio-vascular, and respiratory systems has gained increasing interest among researchers and sports professionals seeking to enhance health and athletic performance [29–32].”
Slow Breathing for Anxiety: A Critical Perspective Towards Personalization
Vlemincx, E., & Cortez-Vázquez, G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56798-8_4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Anwar, M., Ain, Q. U., Fatimah, A., Shafiq, A., Raza, A. M., & Akbar, Z. (2024) · Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.1101 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Czub, M., Kowal, M., Esteve, R., Serrano‐Ibáñez, E. R., Ruiz-Párraga, G. T., Ramírez‐Maestre, C., López-Martínez, A. E., Paccione, C. E., & Piskorz, J. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3496 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhi, W., Zhao, W., Zhang, Y., Shi, E., Zhou, Y., & Zhang, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1581402 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“During exhalation, air is expelled mainly due to the elastic recoil of the thoracic cavity and the contraction of abdominal wall muscles (Hamasaki, 2020).”
Ahmad, A., Ahmed, R. A. M. A., Hassan, M. H., & Ali, H. M. (2025) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1177/10538135251339346 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“They were instructed to take a deep breath through the nose and then exhale slowly through the mouth, with the hand on the abdomen rising higher than the hand on the chest (i.e., the hand on the upper chest should remain as still as possible) (Hamasaki, 2020).”
Effects of breathing control using visual feedback of thoracoabdominal movement on aerobic exercise
Ishii, N., Tomita, K., Kawamura, K., Setaka, Y., Yoshida, R., & Takeshima, R. (2022) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2022.103887 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Diaphragmatic Breathing and Performance Anxiety in Dental Students
Pastan, C. D., Eisen, S. E., Finkelman, M., White, R., Pagni, S. E., & Kugel, G. (2023) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276231168350 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“18 19-21 Addressing the impact of performance anxiety in dental students is important to their overall well-being, success, and professional development.”
Comparing Guided and Non-guided Deep Breathing Impact on Disability Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Kwa, E. K., Cheong, S., Ong, L. K., & Lee, P. F. (2024) · Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40846-024-00901-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Considering the severity of the disabling conditions could potentially impact the effectiveness of deep breathing interventions [73].”
Adiutama, N. M., Hijriani, H., Kurniawan, W., Fauziah, W., & Lin, C. F. (2022) · Journal Of Nursing Practice · doi:10.30994/jnp.v5i2.213 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This deep breathing exercise is done 5 to 10 times for 15 minutes 3 times a day (Hamasaki, 2020).”
Yu, S., Chen, L., & Qin, L. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/9649986 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“DBT is a common physiotherapy technique used to relieve dyspnea, improve pulmonary function, and enhance the psychological condition of COPD patients [34, 35].”
RetractedErkut, Ü., Coşkunsu, D. K., Erkut, K., & Özden, A. V. (2025) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf107 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wieczorek, A., Pintz, F., & Wagner, M. O. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01235-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…the benefits of integrating VR and biofeedback along with brief insights into its successful implementation, we want to focus on the potential of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) as a biofeedback mechanism in light of the growing evidence supporting its positive effects on human health (Hamasaki 2020).”
Perioperative respiratory rehabilitation: evolving concepts and clinical applications
Rhee, M., & Park, S. (2026) · Anesthesia and Pain Medicine · doi:10.17085/apm.25338 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This method not only enhances gas exchange, but also improves breathing, which can be particularly beneficial in the early postoperative phase during which pain or sedation may restrict normal respiratory patterns [30].”
Vera-Ponce, V. J., Talavera, J. E., Torres-Malca, J. R., Alvarado, L. R., García-Lara, R. A., & Cruz-Vargas, J. A. D. L. (2022) · Medicina Clínica y Social · doi:10.52379/mcs.v6i2.251 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pugh, S., Chan, F., Han, S., Lindo, R., Krzewski, D. G., D'Orazi, M. A., Narayanajaya, D., Gao, Z., & Norful, A. A. (2023) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0000000000001285 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Role of breathing training programs on quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients
Rubio-López, A. I., Ciuró, A. H., Marin-DelaRosa, J. L., Núñez, J. M., Santiago, M. G., Gracia-Guindo, M. C., & Valenza, M. C. (2023) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2023029 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In fact, breathing training techniques have shown positive effects on health in patients with different conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, postoperative pulmonary function, and cardiorespiratory function, among others [18].”
Intervenções nas aulas de educação física e a saúde mental de escolares: Estudo de protocolo
da Cunha, G. D. O. K., Hartwig, T. W., & Bergmann, G. G. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.28e0302 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kim, H., Jung, J., & Lee, S. (2023) · Physical therapy rehabilitation science · doi:10.14474/ptrs.2023.12.3.334 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gbr, A., Elimy, D. A., Amin, F., & Mohamed, A. A. (2023) · Benha International Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.21608/bijpt.2023.259119.1005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yeşilyurt, S. Y., Birinci, T., Taş, S. A., Tosun, G., Özer, M., & Özengın, N. (2024) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.15799 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“15 Slow breathing exercises might decrease sympathetic activity, thus enhancing both physical and mental health.”
Sadu, B., Dhawo, M. S., & Wicaksono, U. (2022) · Science Midwifery · doi:10.35335/midwifery.v10i5.886 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dangmei, G., Kalita, A., & Dutta, A. (2023) · International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research · doi:10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.4.l88-l100 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing (DB) is defined as an outward motion of the abdominal wall while reducing movement of the upper rib cage during inspiration.(13) Along with respiration, the diaphragm also plays a role in swallowing and vocalization.”
BackgroundGu, Y., You, Y., Guo, G., Xie, F., Guan, C., Xie, C., Cheng, Y., Ji, Q., & Yao, F. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287287 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
BREATHING TECHNIQUES FOR PULMONARY REHABILITATION
Fedorchenko, Y. (2024) · Anti-Aging Eastern Europe · doi:10.56543/aaeeu.2024.3.1.04 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Khan, H., Hussain, G., Majeed, R., Shafiq, A., & Mustafa, M. (2024) · Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.680 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Functional Breathing and Approaches in Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Literature Review
Widjanantie, S. C., Attamimy, V., & Putu Duhita Ayuningtyas, W. (2024) · Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.36803/indojpmr.v13i01.414 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“12,15,26 Standard diaphragm exercises are performed in an upright position and stabilize posture.”
BackgroundSawant, K. U., Rai, R. H., Kalra, S., Sharma, A., Chahal, A., & Sharma, N. (2024) · Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University · doi:10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_675_23 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effects of a Novel Deep Breathing Program for Weight Reduction and Cholesterol Metabolism
Laymon, M. S., McKivigan, J. M., McWhinney, S. R., & Eng, H. (2024) · International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences · doi:10.32861/ijhms.103.20.26 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Brummett, M., Oglesby, C., Barkus, S., Wheelock, N. M., & Tate, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1488903 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Diaphragmatic breathing is a slow, deep breathing method that involves the contraction of the diaphragm, expansion of the belly, and deepening of inhalation and exhalation maneuvers (Hamasaki, 2020; Ma et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBahramian, Z., Kazemi, M., Vazirinejad, R., & Hasani, H. (2025) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-024-03254-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gitler, A., Kula, Y., Katz, C., & Gidron, Y. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1008771 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ji, D., Fu, Y., Wu, L. S., Tian, C., & Jin, S. (2025) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-025-02610-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Abdominal breathing [30] is mainly based on training patients’diaphragmatic contractile and diastolic ability.”
The role of mindfulness and mobile apps in managing stress and anxiety in children with ADHD
Zografou, M., Drigas, A. S., & Antoniou, A. (2025) · Scientific Electronic Archives · doi:10.36560/18420252098 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Multidisciplinary Assessment and Management of Functional Dysphagia
Anderson, J., Blonski, W. C., Gaziano, J. E., Thélin, C. S., Klam, R., Slone, S., Utianski, R. L., & Jacobs, J. (2025) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2025.100762 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…extrinsic laryngeal musculature leads to elevated hyoid and larynx position which is thought to be a main contributor to MTDg. 67 Treatment may include stretches for neck, shoulder, or jaw tension; diaphragmatic breathing 68 ; circumlaryngeal manual therapy (CMT) 67 and voice therapy techniques.”
To Relax or Not to Relax for Anxious Youth? Findings from a Survey of Exposure Specialists
Becker‐Haimes, E. M., Jamison, J., Young, S., Brady, M., Houlahan, K., & Bilek, E. L. (2025) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2025.2541348 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A légzésmanipulációs eljárások pszichofiziológiája. Elméleti és gyakorlati vonatkozások
Tihanyi, B. T., Drozdovszky, O., & Köteles, F. G. (2025) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.2025.00095 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chyad, H. A., & Majeed, H. M. (2025) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_394_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Breathwork in embodied psychotherapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lomas, C. (2026) · Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/17432979.2025.2609283 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…the increasing application of breathwork in clinical settings, there remains a lack of consensus regarding which breathwork techniques are most effective for which psychological conditions, and the neurobiological mechanisms underlying their effects are not yet fully understood (Hamasaki, 2020).”
Hafez, E., Ashraf, E., Saeed, S., Essam, M., Raigangar, V. L., & Ahmed, H. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.101118 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Diaphragmatic breathing has been associated with increased chest expansion, reduced respiratory rate, and improved oxygenation efficiency [9].”
Song, D., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Feng, X., Zhao, L., Yang, J., & Jing, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1738390 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Moreover, after regular diaphragmatic breathing exercises, the size and kinematics of the abdomen and chest of asthmatics can be significantly improved, which helps to improve lung function (47).”
Pérez-García, R., Porras, V. A., Cueva-Reguera, M. D.-L., Riquelme-Aguado, V., Villafañe, J. H., González-Fernández, L., & Robledo‐Do‐Nascimento, Y. (2026) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000503 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stress Management Programme on the Stress of Chiang Mai University Students: A Pilot Study
Joompathong, N., Bunrayong, W., & Chupradit, S. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.18006/2022.10(4).879.885 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pulmonary rehabilitation care: Current perspective
Kumar, A., & Kant, S. (2023) · IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.18231/j.ijirm.2023.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hamasaki, H.
- Affiliations
- Hamasaki Clinic, 2-21-4 Nishida, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0046, Japan
- Corresponding author
- Hamasaki, Hidetaka
- ORCID
- Hamasaki, Hidetaka
- Venue
- Medicines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-10-15
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 65
- ISSN
- 2305-6320 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7602530
- OpenAlex
- W3093114155
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 2.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Keywords
- diaphragmatic breathing, slow deep breathing, autonomic nervous system modulation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, stress reduction, eating disorders, chronic functional constipation, hypertension, migraine, anxiety, cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, heart failure, cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, respiratory function
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