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Microfluidic Technology for the Isolation and Analysis of Exosomes

Wu, Yusong, Wang, Yuqing, Lu, Yanjun, Luo, Xiaomei, Huang, Yinghong, Xie, Ting, Pilarsky, Christian, Dang, Yuanye, Zhang, Jianye·2022·Micromachines
DOI 10.3390/mi13101571PMC PMC9607600
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Abstract

Exosomes are lipid-bilayer enclosed vesicles with diameters of 30–150 nm, which play a pivotal role in cell communication by transporting their cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and genetic materials. In recent years, exosomes have been under intense investigation, as they show great promise in numerous areas, especially as bio-markers in liquid biopsies. However, due to the high heterogeneity and the nano size of exosomes, the separation of exosomes is not easy. This review will deliver an outline of the conventional methods and the microfluidic-based technologies for exosome separation. Particular attention is devoted to microfluidic devices, highlighting the efficiency of exosome isolation by these methods. Additionally, this review will introduce advances made in the integrated microfluidics technologies that enable the separation and analysis of exosomes.

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Figure 1 The biogenesis and content of exosomes. First, the plasma membrane depresses inward to form an early endosome, then multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are formed by the inward budding of endosomal membranes. Finally, exosomes are released by the fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane.
Figure 1 The biogenesis and content of exosomes. First, the plasma membrane depresses inward to form an early endosome, then multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are formed by the inward budding of endosomal membranes. Finally, exosomes are released by the fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Schematic summary of techniques for exosome separation.
Figure 2 Schematic summary of techniques for exosome separation.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on filtration. (A) Schematic of ExoTIC device used by Liu et al. Reprinted with permission [45]. (B) Schematic of ciliated micropillar nanowires coated with nanowires. Reprinted with permission [46].
Figure 3 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on filtration. (A) Schematic of ExoTIC device used by Liu et al. Reprinted with permission [45]. (B) Schematic of ciliated micropillar nanowires coated with nanowires. Reprinted with permission [46].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Schematic of a microfluidic device for exosome isolation based on DLD. Reprinted with permission [60].
Figure 4 Schematic of a microfluidic device for exosome isolation based on DLD. Reprinted with permission [60].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on the acoustic field. (A) Schematic of acoustic nano-filter for exosome isolation. Reprinted with permission [65]. (B) Schematic of integrated acoustic device for isolating exosomes. Reprinted with permission [48].
Figure 5 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on the acoustic field. (A) Schematic of acoustic nano-filter for exosome isolation. Reprinted with permission [65]. (B) Schematic of integrated acoustic device for isolating exosomes. Reprinted with permission [48].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on the electrical field. (A) Schematic of microdevice used AC iDEP for exosomes isolation. Reprinted with permission [67]. (B) Schematic of isolation processes by electrophoretic migration. Reprinted with permission [55].
Figure 6 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on the electrical field. (A) Schematic of microdevice used AC iDEP for exosomes isolation. Reprinted with permission [67]. (B) Schematic of isolation processes by electrophoretic migration. Reprinted with permission [55].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on Viscoelastic flow. (A) Schematic of viscoelasticity based microfluidic system. Reprinted with permission [71]. (B) Schematic of exosome sorting technique based on elasto-inertial. Reprinted with permission [50].
Figure 7 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on Viscoelastic flow. (A) Schematic of viscoelasticity based microfluidic system. Reprinted with permission [71]. (B) Schematic of exosome sorting technique based on elasto-inertial. Reprinted with permission [50].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on immunoaffinity. (A) Schematic of the structure of HBEXO-Chip for exosomes isolation. Reprinted with permission [51]. (B) Schematic of microdevice used magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies for exosomes isolation. Reprinted with permission [53].
Figure 8 Microfluidic technology for exosome isolation based on immunoaffinity. (A) Schematic of the structure of HBEXO-Chip for exosomes isolation. Reprinted with permission [51]. (B) Schematic of microdevice used magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies for exosomes isolation. Reprinted with permission [53].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Wu, Y., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., Luo, X., Huang, Y., Xie, T., Pilarsky, C., Dang, Y., & Zhang, J.
Venue
Micromachines
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-09-22
Volume
13
Issue
10
Pages
1571
ISSN
2072-666X
DOI
10.3390/mi13101571
PMC
PMC9607600
Cited by
91
References
4
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFE0202000, 2021ZDZX2006, PX-1020420, pdjh2022b0425, 2021A080, 02-408-2203-2019, 202002030410)
  • Fund of Guangdong Education Department (2021YFE0202000, 2021ZDZX2006, PX-1020420, pdjh2022b0425, 2021A080, 02-408-2203-2019, 202002030410)
  • College Student Laboratory Opening Project of Guangzhou Medical University (2021YFE0202000, 2021ZDZX2006, PX-1020420, pdjh2022b0425, 2021A080, 02-408-2203-2019, 202002030410)
  • Undergraduates Research Project (2021YFE0202000, 2021ZDZX2006, PX-1020420, pdjh2022b0425, 2021A080, 02-408-2203-2019, 202002030410)
  • Fund of Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (2021YFE0202000, 2021ZDZX2006, PX-1020420, pdjh2022b0425, 2021A080, 02-408-2203-2019, 202002030410)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Microfluidic Technology for the Isolation and Analysis of Exosomes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/mi13101571
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Wu, Y., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., Luo, X., Huang, Y., Xie, T., Pilarsky, C., Dang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022). Microfluidic Technology for the Isolation and Analysis of Exosomes. Micromachines. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101571