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Cited by 150Gut microbiota and healthHealth disparities and outcomesOral microbiology and periodontitis research

Socioeconomic Status and the Gut Microbiome: A TwinsUK Cohort Study

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Bowyer, Ruth C. E., Jackson, Matthew A., Le Roy, Caroline I., Ni Lochlainn, Mary, Spector, Tim D., Dowd, Jennifer B., Steves, Claire J.·2019·Microorganisms
DOI 10.3390/microorganisms7010017PMC PMC6351927
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Abstract

Socioeconomic inequalities in health and mortality are well established, but the biological mechanisms underlying these associations are less understood. In parallel, the gut microbiome is emerging as a potentially important determinant of human health, but little is known about its broader environmental and social determinants. We test the association between gut microbiota composition and individual- and area-level socioeconomic factors in a well-characterized twin cohort. In this study, 1672 healthy volunteers from twin registry TwinsUK had data available for at least one socioeconomic measure, existing fecal 16S rRNA microbiota data, and all considered co-variables. Associations with socioeconomic status (SES) were robust to adjustment for known health correlates of the microbiome; conversely, these health-microbiome associations partially attenuated with adjustment for SES. Twins discordant for IMD (Index of Multiple Deprivation) were shown to significantly differ by measures of compositional dissimilarity, with suggestion the greater the difference in twin pair IMD, the greater the dissimilarity of their microbiota. Future research should explore how SES might influence the composition of the gut microbiota and its potential role as a mediator of differences associated with SES.

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  • Socioeconomic status, host diet, congenital factors, environmental factors, exercise, medications, and mode of delivery at birth modulate both the brain and microbiota.

    “There are many factors that have been shown to have a modulating effect on both the brain and microbiota, including socioeconomic status (Bowyer et al., 2019), host diet, congenital factors, environmental factors, exercise and level of host activity, medications and mode of delivery at birth (Fig. 5).”

    From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Bowyer et al., 2019

    The Discussion reports associations between socioeconomic status and adult gut microbiota composition, supporting the microbiota part of the citation. It does not show that socioeconomic status modulates the brain; the Introduction discusses possible links between social stress, microbiota and behavior, but the study did not test a brain effect. The other listed factors are not attributed to Bowyer et al. by this citation. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Bowyer, R. C. E., Jackson, M. A., Le Roy, C. I., Ni Lochlainn, M., Spector, T. D., Dowd, J. B., & Steves, C. J.
Affiliations
  • St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
  • The Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
  • The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
Corresponding author
Steves, Claire J.
ORCID
Venue
Microorganisms
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-01-11
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
17
ISSN
2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/microorganisms7010017
PMC
PMC6351927
OpenAlex
W2910680562
Cited by
150
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12
FWCI
5.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (WT081878MA)
  • National Institutes of Health (R21 AI21784-01)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
socioeconomic status, gut microbiota, socioeconomic inequalities in health, Index of Multiple Deprivation, twin discordance, social determinants of health, TwinsUK

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