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Cited by 234Probiotics and Fermented FoodsAnimal Diversity and Health StudiesInfant Nutrition and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

In Vitro Probiotic Potential and Safety Evaluation (Hemolytic, Cytotoxic Activity) of Bifidobacterium Strains Isolated from Raw Camel Milk

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Yasmin, Iqra, Saeed, Muhammad, Khan, Wahab Ali, Khaliq, Adnan, Chughtai, Muhammad Farhan Jahangir, Iqbal, Rabia, Tehseen, Saima, Naz, Saima, Liaqat, Atif, Mehmood, Tariq, Ahsan, Samreen, Tanweer, Saira·2020·Microorganisms
DOI 10.3390/microorganisms8030354PMC PMC7143641
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Abstract

The present study was designed to isolate Bifidobacterium strains from raw camel milk and to investigate their probiotic characteristics. Among 35 isolates, 8 were identified as Gram-positive, catalase negative, non-spore forming, non-motile and V or Y shaped rods. B-2, B-5, B-11, B-19 and B-28 exhibited good survival at low pH and high bile salt concentration. Most of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, fusidic acid, polymyxin B, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, rifampicin and kanamycin. Furthermore, the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS), adhesion characteristics, antioxidant properties, antagonistic activities, nitrite reduction and cholesterol assimilation were also studied. Isolate B-11 was chosen because it exhibited most of the probiotic properties among all the tested isolates. It is identified as the member of Bifidobacterium longum group through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and named as B. longum B-11. B. longum B-11 was further selected for in vivo attachment to rat intestine and scanning electron micrographs revealed that attachment of a large number of rods shaped bacterial cell. Our findings suggest that B. longum B-11 processes excellent attributes to be used as potential probiotic in the development of functional probiotic food.

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Figure 1 Survival (%) of isolates under gastrointestinal conditions (a) Tolerance to low pH (2 and 3) (b) Tolerance to different concentrations of bile salt i.e., 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. Each value represents the mean value ±standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 1 Survival (%) of isolates under gastrointestinal conditions (a) Tolerance to low pH (2 and 3) (b) Tolerance to different concentrations of bile salt i.e., 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. Each value represents the mean value ±standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Autoaggregation (%) of isolates is calculated after 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of incubation. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 2 Autoaggregation (%) of isolates is calculated after 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of incubation. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Resistance to hydrogen peroxide is determined by calculating the bacterial count of isolates at different concentration of hydrogen peroxide i.e., 0.5 mM, 1 mM and 1.5 mM. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 3 Resistance to hydrogen peroxide is determined by calculating the bacterial count of isolates at different concentration of hydrogen peroxide i.e., 0.5 mM, 1 mM and 1.5 mM. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Cholesterol reduction (%) of isolates after 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of incubation. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 4 Cholesterol reduction (%) of isolates after 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of incubation. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Cytotoxicity to observed the survival (%) of isolates after 8 h and 24 h of incubation. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 5 Cytotoxicity to observed the survival (%) of isolates after 8 h and 24 h of incubation. Each value represents the mean value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Bars with different lower-case letters denoted significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of excised rat GIT showing presence of large number of coccus-shaped bacteria on the upper surface (G0) (a). The rat administrated with B. longum B-11 displayed huge number of rods on the microvilli of GIT (G1) (b). Magnified images of B. longum B-11 showing bacterial cell are V or Y shaped rods (c).
Figure 6 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of excised rat GIT showing presence of large number of coccus-shaped bacteria on the upper surface (G0) (a). The rat administrated with B. longum B-11 displayed huge number of rods on the microvilli of GIT (G1) (b). Magnified images of B. longum B-11 showing bacterial cell are V or Y shaped rods (c).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Ashmaig, 2009, Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Sudanese fermented camels milk (Gariss), Afri. J. Microbiol. Res., 3, 451
  2. Biratu, 2016, Chemical composition and microbiological quality of Dhanaan: Traditional fermented camel milk produced in eastern Ethiopia, Inter. Food Res. J., 23, 2223

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Metadata

Authors
Yasmin, I., Saeed, M., Khan, W. A., Khaliq, A., Chughtai, M. F. J., Iqbal, R., Tehseen, S., Naz, S., Liaqat, A., Mehmood, T., Ahsan, S., & Tanweer, S.
Affiliations
  • Government College Women University Faisalabad (PK)
  • University of Agriculture Faisalabad (PK)
  • Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (PK)
  • Nur International University (PK)
  • Islamia University of Bahawalpur (PK)
Corresponding author
Yasmin, Iqra
ORCID
Venue
Microorganisms
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-03-02
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
354
ISSN
2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/microorganisms8030354
PMC
PMC7143641
OpenAlex
W3009449643
Cited by
233
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 3
FWCI
14.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Higher Education Commission, Pakistan (IRSIP 32)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Animal Diversity and Health Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Keywords
Bifidobacterium, probiotics, camel milk, Bifidobacterium longum, antimicrobial resistance, bile salt tolerance, acid resistance, exopolysaccharide production, adhesion, antioxidant activity, nitrite reduction, cholesterol assimilation, intestinal colonization, functional foods

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