Cited by 576Gut microbiota and healthMicrobial Community Ecology and PhysiologyOral microbiology and periodontitis research

The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes

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Martínez, Inés, Stegen, James C., Maldonado-Gómez, Maria X., Eren, A. Murat, Siba, Peter M., Greenhill, Andrew R., Walter, Jens·2015·Cell Reports

Abstract

Although recent research revealed an impact of westernization on diversity and composition of the human gut microbiota, the exact consequences on metacommunity characteristics are insufficiently understood, and the underlying ecological mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we have compared the fecal microbiota of adults from two non-industrialized regions in Papua New Guinea (PNG) with that of United States (US) residents. Papua New Guineans harbor communities with greater bacterial diversity, lower inter-individual variation, vastly different abundance profiles, and bacterial lineages undetectable in US residents. A quantification of the ecological processes that govern community assembly identified bacterial dispersal as the dominant process that shapes the microbiome in PNG but not in the US. These findings suggest that the microbiome alterations detected in industrialized societies might arise from modern lifestyle factors limiting bacterial dispersal, which has implications for human health and the development of strategies aimed to redress the impact of westernization.

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  • Gut microbiota of eight hunter-gatherer or rural farming populations has greater bacterial diversity than Western populations.

    “The gut microbiota of eight hunter–gatherer or rural farming populations in various parts of the world showed increased bacterial diversity compared with those of Western populations19,40,52–55.”
  • Bacteroides has been used to distinguish between developing (low Bacteroides abundance) and industrialized (high Bacteroides abundance) populations.

    “Bacteroides has been used to distinguish between developing (low Bacteroides abundance) and industrialized (high Bacteroides abundance) populations [22–28, 30]”
  • The gut bacteria of urban-industrialized populations often have high abundances of Bacteroides, while the gut bacteria from traditional hunter-gatherer or agropastoral societies have higher abundances of Prevotella.

    “The gut bacteria of urban-industrialized populations often have high abundances of Bacteroides, while the gut bacteria from traditional hunter-gatherer or agropastoral societies have higher abundances of Prevotella [22–28].”

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Authors
Martínez, I., Stegen, J. C., Maldonado-Gómez, M. X., Eren, A. M., Siba, P. M., Greenhill, A. R., & Walter, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
  • Marine Biological Laboratory (US)
  • Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PG)
  • Federation University (AU)
Corresponding author
  • Greenhill, Andrew R.
  • Walter, Jens
Venue
Cell Reports
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-04
Volume
11
Issue
4
Pages
527-538
ISSN
2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1989496014
Cited by
576
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 14
FWCI
25.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
  • FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia) (submittedVersion)
  • Open Access Server of the Woods Hole Scientific Community (Woods Hole Scientific Community) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05–76RL01830, 76RL01830, AC05-76RL01830, DE-AC05?)
  • Battelle (AC05-76RL01830, DE- AC05-76RL01830, DE-AC05)
  • Laboratory Directed Research and Development
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (DEAC0576RL01830, 76RL01830)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
gut microbiota, fecal microbiota, Papua New Guinea, rural population, Westernization, bacterial diversity, interindividual variability, bacterial dispersal, community assembly, metacommunity ecology
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Feces, Female, Humans, Male, Papua New Guinea, Rural Population, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic

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