Cited by 247Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsAdipose Tissue and MetabolismParaoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms

PPARs as Nuclear Receptors for Nutrient and Energy Metabolism

Open access
Hong, Fan, Pan, Shijia, Guo, Yuan, Xu, Pengfei, Zhai, Yonggong·2019·Molecules

Abstract

It has been more than 36 years since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were first recognized as enhancers of peroxisome proliferation. Consequently, many studies in different fields have illustrated that PPARs are nuclear receptors that participate in nutrient and energy metabolism and regulate cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis during lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth, cancer development, and so on. With increasing challenges to human health, PPARs have attracted much attention for their ability to ameliorate metabolic syndromes. In our previous studies, we found that the complex functions of PPARs may be used as future targets in obesity and atherosclerosis treatments. Here, we review three types of PPARs that play overlapping but distinct roles in nutrient and energy metabolism during different metabolic states and in different organs. Furthermore, research has emerged showing that PPARs also play many other roles in inflammation, central nervous system-related diseases, and cancer. Increasingly, drug development has been based on the use of several selective PPARs as modulators to diminish the adverse effects of the PPAR agonists previously used in clinical practice. In conclusion, the complex roles of PPARs in metabolic networks keep these factors in the forefront of research because it is hoped that they will have potential therapeutic effects in future applications.

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Crossref · 10.3390/molecules24142545

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  • PPARs are concentrated in tissues with high metabolic demand, including the liver, kidneys, and brain, and serve as important regulators of the immune system.

    “PPARs are concentrated in tissues with high metabolic demand, including the liver, kidneys, and brain, and serve as important regulators of the immune system”

    From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2019

    The Introduction identifies liver and kidney among tissues where PPARα is mainly expressed, and section 4 reports PPAR expression in the central nervous system and describes how PPARs regulate inflammation. The paper does not say that PPARs as a group are concentrated in all three organs or characterize those organs as sites of high metabolic demand. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Hong, F., Pan, S., Guo, Y., Xu, P., & Zhai, Y.
Affiliations
  • Beijing Normal University (CN)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
  • Xu, Pengfei
  • Zhai, Yonggong
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-07-12
Volume
24
Issue
14
Pages
2545
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2961328380
Cited by
233
References
167
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 6
FWCI
2.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31571164, Nos.31271207)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
Keywords
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, nuclear receptors, nutrient metabolism, energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, obesity, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, central nervous system disorders, cancer, drug development
MeSH terms
Nutrients, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Organ Specificity, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

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