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Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based System: A New Insight into the Promising Controlled Release System for Lung Cancer Treatment

Yee Kuen, Cha, Masarudin, Mas Jaffri·2022·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules27020473PMC PMC8778092
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Abstract

Lung cancer has been recognized as one of the most often diagnosed and perhaps most lethal cancer diseases worldwide. Conventional chemotherapy for lung cancer-related diseases has bumped into various limitations and challenges, including non-targeted drug delivery, short drug retention period, low therapeutic efficacy, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Chitosan (CS), a natural polymer derived from deacetylation of chitin, and comprised of arbitrarily distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit) that exhibits magnificent characteristics, including being mucoadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible, has emerged as an essential element for the development of a nano-particulate delivery vehicle. Additionally, the flexibility of CS structure due to the free protonable amino groups in the CS backbone has made it easy for the modification and functionalization of CS to be developed into a nanoparticle system with high adaptability in lung cancer treatment. In this review, the current state of chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) systems, including the advantages, challenges, and opportunities, will be discussed, followed by drug release mechanisms and mathematical kinetic models. Subsequently, various modification routes of CNP for improved and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, as well as other restrictions of conventional drug administration for lung cancer treatment, are covered.

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Figure 1 The illustration of the mechanism of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) for lung cancer treatment. The therapeutics were encapsulated into CNPs and delivered to the lung to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy.
Figure 1 The illustration of the mechanism of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) for lung cancer treatment. The therapeutics were encapsulated into CNPs and delivered to the lung to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 The various modification routes of chitosan (CS). Figure and reaction conditions were adapted from the study of Sajid et al., with modifications [174].
Figure 2 The various modification routes of chitosan (CS). Figure and reaction conditions were adapted from the study of Sajid et al., with modifications [174].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Yee Kuen, C., & Masarudin, M. J.
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-01-12
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
473
ISSN
1420-3049
DOI
10.3390/molecules27020473
PMC
PMC8778092
Cited by
78
References
5
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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