Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Growth Estimation of Spirulina platensis Cultures
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The present study proposes the use of Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a rapid method for estimating the growth of Spirulina platensis cultures, avoiding any sample manipulation or pretreatment. NIR spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode was used on culture volumes as received, with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) linear regression, for developing the calibration model in the wavelength range of 1000–2500 nm, in order to choose the appropriate wavelength to estimate the growth of the microalga. The local reflectance maximum at 1062.6 nm, connected with reduced water absorption and scattering effects by the microalga, was identified from PCA as the positive peak in the first loading plot, correlating diffuse reflectance with dilution levels. The calibration curve of diffuse reflectance at 1062.6 nm in response to dilution presented strong linearity, supported by a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.995. Cross-validation of NIR spectra with a S. platensis culture confirmed the method’s reliability, showing that the growth follows an exponential pattern. The study shows that diffuse reflectance NIR spectroscopy can be used for the rapid monitoring of Spirulina platensis growth.
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Hemocytometer cell counting is restricted to smallscale operations due to its labor-intensive and timeconsuming methodology.
“Although widely utilized, hemocytometer cell counting is restricted to smallscale operations due to its labor-intensive and timeconsuming methodology”
From Quantitative Prediction of Spirulina platensis Biomass Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry (2026) · cites this paper as Malletzidou et al., 2024
The Introduction describes haemocytometer counting as manual and time-consuming, supporting the stated reason for its limitations. It does not say the method is restricted to small-scale operations; that is a stronger claim than the passage supports. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Malletzidou, L., Kyratzopoulou, E., Kyzaki, N., Nerantzis, E., & Kazakis, N. A. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15020791 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Quantitative Prediction of Spirulina platensis Biomass Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
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“Because standard reference materials were unsuitable for creating a calibration curve between S. platensis biomass and spectral response, we used a modified serial dilution technique based on standard addition (Malletzidou et al., 2024).”
Jensen, D. J., & Lund, I. (2026) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-026-04021-5
- Authors
- Malletzidou, L., Kyratzopoulou, E., Kyzaki, N., Nerantzis, E., & Kazakis, N. A.
- Affiliations
- Athena Research and Innovation Center In Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Malletzidou, Lamprini
- ORCID
- Venue
- Methods and Protocols
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-11-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 91
- ISSN
- 2409-9279 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11586962
- OpenAlex
- W4404070629
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Methods and Protocols (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Athena—Research & Innovation Center in Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Keywords
- Spirulina platensis, near-infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance, calibration models, exponential growth, partial least squares regression, principal component analysis
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