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Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Prospects

Begines, Belén, Ortiz, Tamara, Pérez-Aranda, María, Martínez, Guillermo, Merinero, Manuel, Argüelles-Arias, Federico, Alcudia, Ana·2020·Nanomaterials

Abstract

The complexity of some diseases—as well as the inherent toxicity of certain drugs—has led to an increasing interest in the development and optimization of drug-delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key tool to improve drug bioavailability or specific delivery at the site of action. The versatility of polymers makes them potentially ideal for fulfilling the requirements of each particular drug-delivery system. In this review, a summary of the state-of-the-art panorama of polymeric nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems has been conducted, focusing mainly on those applications in which the corresponding disease involves an important morbidity, a considerable reduction in the life quality of patients—or even a high mortality. A revision of the use of polymeric nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery, for cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as nutraceutical delivery, was carried out, and a short discussion about future prospects of these systems is included.

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Figure 1 Classification of the different anatomic routes for drug delivery.
Figure 1 Classification of the different anatomic routes for drug delivery.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Incidence rate of the most conventional eye diseases, according to the WHO (2019) [21].
Figure 2 Incidence rate of the most conventional eye diseases, according to the WHO (2019) [21].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Schematic of the EPR effect: NPs pass through the endothelial fenestrations and reach cancer cells.
Figure 3 Schematic of the EPR effect: NPs pass through the endothelial fenestrations and reach cancer cells.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Schematic of the active targeting process: NPs have been functionalized by adding ligands onto their surface that can recognize and bind the receptors in cancer cells.
Figure 4 Schematic of the active targeting process: NPs have been functionalized by adding ligands onto their surface that can recognize and bind the receptors in cancer cells.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 The exposure to a stimulus triggers congregated nanoparticles drug release.
Figure 5 The exposure to a stimulus triggers congregated nanoparticles drug release.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Use of polymeric nanoparticles for nutraceuticals and different bioactive compounds for greater health and medical benefits.
Figure 6 Use of polymeric nanoparticles for nutraceuticals and different bioactive compounds for greater health and medical benefits.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Begines, B., Ortiz, T., Pérez-Aranda, M., Martínez, G., Merinero, M., Argüelles-Arias, F., & Alcudia, A.
Venue
Nanomaterials
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-07-19
Volume
10
Issue
7
Pages
1403
ISSN
2079-4991
Cited by
1,061
References
4
Language
en

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