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Cited by 138Vitamin D Research StudiesSports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological Responses

Vitamin D, Skeletal Muscle Function and Athletic Performance in Athletes—A Narrative Review

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Książek, Anna, Zagrodna, Aleksandra, Słowińska-Lisowska, Małgorzata·2019·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu11081800PMC PMC6722905
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Abstract

The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) exerts its biological effects by binding to nuclear vitamin D receptors (VDRs), which are found in most human extraskeletal cells, including skeletal muscles. Vitamin D deficiency may cause deficits in strength, and lead to fatty degeneration of type II muscle fibers, which has been found to negatively correlate with physical performance. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve vitamin D status and can positively affect skeletal muscles. The purpose of this study is to summarize the current evidence of the relationship between vitamin D, skeletal muscle function and physical performance in athletes. Additionally, we will discuss the effect of vitamin D supplementation on athletic performance in players. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the underlying mechanisms of calcitriol action in the human skeletal muscle tissue, and to understand how these actions impact the athletic performance in athletes.

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  • Vitamin D signals the expression of the size of myotubes to make them larger, and as a result, muscle strength increases.

    “Vitamin D signals the expression of the size of myotubes to make them larger, and as a result, muscle strength increases [32,43].”

    From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [32]

    Section 2 says vitamin D may affect muscle-fiber diameter and that calcitriol stimulates protein synthesis, which may increase muscle mass and strength. Section 4 also reports increased muscle-fiber size with supplementation. The review does not specifically establish that vitamin D enlarges myotubes or that this necessarily increases strength. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Książek et al. did not find any significant relationship between muscle strength, VO2max and highest vitamin D deficiency in professional soccer players from Poland tested during winter.

    “Conversely Książek et al. [32] did not find any significant relationship between muscle strength, VO2max and highest vitamin D deficiency in professional soccer players from Poland tested during winter.”

    From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [32]

    Section 3 reports no vitamin D–muscle-strength relationship in female athletes from several sports and no vitamin D–VO2max association in professional ice hockey players. Section 5 reports lower vitamin D levels among athletes in winter. Neither section reports the claimed combined finding in Polish professional soccer players tested during winter; the References list a Książek study on strength and oxygen uptake but do not give its results. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Fast-twitch muscle fibres are the major determinant of explosive strength, which results in high power output and fast muscle contractions.

    “This type of fibres are the major determinant of explosive strength, which results in high power output and fast muscle contractions [32,44].”

    From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [32]

    Section 2 says type II fibres generate faster contractions and greater force than type I fibres, and closely associates them with short, high-power activities. It does not establish that they are the major determinant of explosive strength; that part is stronger than the review’s wording. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Książek, A., Zagrodna, A., & Słowińska-Lisowska, M.
Affiliations
University of Wrocław (PL)
Corresponding author
Książek, Anna
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-08-04
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
1800
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu11081800
PMC
PMC6722905
OpenAlex
W2966022385
Cited by
138
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 11
FWCI
1.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D receptor, skeletal muscle function, athletic performance, athletes, vitamin D deficiency, muscle strength, vitamin D supplementation
MeSH terms
Animals, Calcitriol, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Nutritional Status, Vitamin D Deficiency, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Calcitriol, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance, Athletes

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