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Cited by 355Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Nutrition and Sarcopenia—What Do We Know?

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Ganapathy, Aravinda, Nieves, Jeri W.·2020·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu12061755PMC PMC7353446
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Abstract

Muscle health is important for the functionality and independence of older adults, and certain nutrients as well as dietary patterns have been shown to offer protective effects against declines in strength and function associated with aging. In this paper, micronutrients, macronutrients, and food groups have been reviewed, along with their studied effects on the prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia, as well as their ability to preserve muscle mass and optimize physical performance. Randomized controlled trials appear to suggest a critical role for dietary intake of protein in preventing sarcopenia and muscle loss, although the optimal dose and type of protein is unknown. There are some promising data regarding the role of vitamin D and sarcopenia, but it is unclear whether the dose, frequency of dose, or length of treatment impacts the efficacy of vitamin D on improving muscle mass or function. Selenium, magnesium, and omega 3 fatty acids have been studied as supplements in clinical trials and in the diet, and they appear to demonstrate a potential association with physical activity and muscle performance in older individuals. Following the Mediterranean diet and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables have been associated with improved physical performance and protection against muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and frailty.

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  • In sarcopenia, there are simultaneous decreases in muscular strength and overall physical function, further increasing the risk of injury, disability, and mortality.

    “In addition to the observed significant atrophy of skeletal muscle, there are simultaneous decreases in muscular strength and overall physical function, further increasing the risk of injury, disability, and mortality [28].”

    From The Utility of Body Composition Assessment in Nutrition and Clinical Practice: An Overview of Current Methodology (2021) · cites this paper as [28]

    The Introduction (page not provided) describes sarcopenia as loss of muscle mass and physical function, including muscle strength or physical performance, and says it may lead to disability and increased mortality in older adults. It does not identify injury as an outcome, and its wording does not establish that strength and physical performance always decline simultaneously. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Ganapathy, A., & Nieves, J. W.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Hospital for Special Surgery (US)
Corresponding author
Nieves, Jeri W.
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-06-11
Volume
12
Issue
6
Pages
1755
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu12061755
PMC
PMC7353446
OpenAlex
W3035372310
Cited by
355
References
143
Citations by year
2026: 43 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 3
FWCI
5.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
sarcopenia, muscle health, older adults, protein intake, vitamin D, selenium, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, micronutrients, macronutrients, Mediterranean diet, fruit and vegetable intake, muscle mass, physical performance, frailty, muscle atrophy
MeSH terms
Frailty, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dietary Proteins, Eating, Female, Fruit, Humans, Male, Vegetables, Vitamin D, Exercise, Prevalence, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Diet, Mediterranean, Sarcopenia, Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

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