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Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Wang, Yi-Jie, Yeh, Tzu-Lin, Shih, Ming-Chieh, Tu, Yu-Kang, Chien, Kuo-Liong·2020·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu12102934
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Abstract

Dietary sodium intake has received considerable attention as a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, evidence on the dose-response association between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk is unclear. Embase and PubMed were searched from their inception to 17 August 2020 and studies that examined the association between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease in adolescents were not included in this review. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of high sodium intake using a random effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment was performed. A random-effects dose-response model was used to estimate the linear and nonlinear dose-response relationships. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explain the observed heterogeneity. We identified 36 reports, which included a total of 616,905 participants, and 20 of these reports were also used for a dose-response meta-analysis. Compared with individuals with low sodium intake, individuals with high sodium intake had a higher adjusted risk of cardiovascular disease (Rate ratio: 1.19, 95% confidence intervals = 1.08–1.30). Our findings suggest that there is a significant linear relationship between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased up to 6% for every 1 g increase in dietary sodium intake. A low-sodium diet should be encouraged and education regarding reduced sodium intake should be provided.

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Wang, Y.-J., Yeh, T.-L., Shih, M.-C., Tu, Y.-K., & Chien, K.-L.
Affiliations
Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No.17, Xu-Zhou Rd.,Taipei City 10055, Taiwan
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-25
Volume
12
Issue
10
Pages
2934
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu12102934
Cited by
217
References
14
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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